GUI编程
1.简介
Gui的核心技术:Swing,AWT
URL:统一资源管理器
2.AWT
2.1.Awt介绍
抽象的窗口工具
1.包含了很多类和接口
2.元素:窗口,按钮,文本框
3.java.awt
2.2.组件和容器
2.1.frame
2.2.面板Panel
3.布局管理器
2.3流式布局
package com.qyx.www.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
// frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setSize(200,200);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
2.4东西南北中
package com.qyx.www.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBordLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
2.3.表格布局
package com.qyx.www.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//java函数
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
3.1作业题:
package com.qyx.www.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestButton {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setSize(400,300);
frame.setLocation(300,400);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//4个面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));
//上面OK
p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下面
p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
//中间四个
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
}
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
}
}
3.2.总结:
1.Frame是一个顶级窗口
2.Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
3.布局管理器
1.流式
2.东西南北中
3.表格
4.大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听!
2.4.事件监听
事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么?
package com.qyx.www.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因为:addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame); //关闭窗口
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗口的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("666");
}
}
多个按钮,共享一个事件
package com.qyx.www.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮 实现同一个监听
//开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以显示的定义出发会返回的命令,如果不显示定义,则会走默认的值
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//e.getActioncommand()获得按钮的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了: msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
}
}
}
2.5.输入框.testfield监听
package com.qyx.www.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动!
new Myframe();
}
}
class Myframe extends Frame{
public Myframe(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field =(TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());
field.setText("");//null
}
}
2.6.简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习
OOP原则:组合,大于继承!
package com.qyx.www.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
//3个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
//1个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//1个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
2.7.画笔
package com.qyx.www.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
//super.paint(g);
//画笔需要又颜色,画笔可以画画
//g.setColor(Color.red);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆
//g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(150,200,150,200);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,将他还原到最初的颜色
}
}
2.8.鼠标监听
目的:想要实现鼠标画画
package com.qyx.www.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class TestMouseListener {
//鼠标监听事件
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标的点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器,正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
//画画,监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point =(Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠标 按下,弹起,按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
MyFrame myFrame =(MyFrame) e.getSource();
//这个我们点击的时候,就会再界面上产生一个点:画
//这个点就说鼠标的点;
myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
myFrame.repaint();//刷新 30帧 60帧
}
}
}
2.9.窗口监听
package com.qyx.www.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowsFrame();
}
}
class WindowsFrame extends Frame{
public WindowsFrame(){
setBackground(Color.blue);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosing");
System.exit(0);
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowsFrame source = (WindowsFrame)e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活了");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
}
);
}
}
2.10.键盘监听
package com.qyx.www.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得键盘下的键是哪一个,当前的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
System.out.println(keyCode);
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上键");
}
}
});
}
}
3.Swing
3.1.窗口。面板
package com.qyx.www.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyJframe2().init();
}
}
class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{
public void init(){
this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
this.setVisible(true);
JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到我的世界!");
this.add(label);
//让文本标签居中 设置水平对齐
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//获得一个容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
}
}
3.2弹窗
JDialog,用来被弹出,默认就有关闭事件
package com.qyx.www.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame{
public DialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西,容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框"); //创建
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("老师带你学java"));
}
}
3.3标签
label
new JLabel("xxx");
图标ICON
package com.qyx.www.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标,需要实现类,Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){} //无参构造
public IconDemo(int width,int height){
this.width=width;
this.height=height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
//图标放在标签,也可以放在按钮上1
JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return 0;
}
}
图片ICON
package com.qyx.www.lesson04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo() {
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url); //命名不要冲突了
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4面板
Jpanel
package com.qyx.www.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数是间距的意思
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
container.add(panel3);
container.add(panel4);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
JScrollPanel
package com.qyx.www.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说Java");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollpane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollpane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5按钮
(1)单选按钮
(2)复选按钮
3.6列表
下拉框
package com.qyx.www.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在热映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");
container.add(status);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo01();
}
}
列表框
package com.qyx.www.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//生成列表的内容
String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};
//列表中需要放入内容
JList jList = new JList(contents);
container.add(jList);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo02();
}
}
3.7文本框
文本框
package com.qyx.www.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello");
JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("hello",20);
container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo01();
}
}
密码框
package com.qyx.www.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo03 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo03() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//***
passwordField.setEchoChar('*');
container.add(passwordField);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo03();
}
}
文本域
package com.qyx.www.lesson05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说Java");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollpane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollpane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
内容较多,但覆盖了GUI的所有方面,后续可以利用GUI实现一个简单贪吃蛇小游戏。