GUI编程入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-05 10:30:14 发布

springxing星

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-05 10:30:14 发布

阅读量170

点赞数 1

分类专栏： java 学习文章标签： java 学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_60154877/article/details/126339702

版权

java 同时被 2 个专栏收录

44 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

学习

41 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

GUI编程

1.简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing,AWT

URL：统一资源管理器

2.AWT

2.1.Awt介绍

抽象的窗口工具

1.包含了很多类和接口

2.元素：窗口，按钮，文本框

3.java.awt

2.2.组件和容器

2.1.frame

2.2.面板Panel

3.布局管理器

2.3流式布局

package com.qyx.www.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        // frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        frame.setSize(200,200);

        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.4东西南北中

package com.qyx.www.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBordLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.3.表格布局

package com.qyx.www.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();//java函数
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

3.1作业题：

package com.qyx.www.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestButton {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));

        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));

        //上面OK
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        //中间四个
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);


    }
}

3.2.总结：

1.Frame是一个顶级窗口

2.Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中

3.布局管理器

1.流式

2.东西南北中

3.表格

4.大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听！

2.4.事件监听

事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？

package com.qyx.www.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为：addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();

        windowClose(frame); //关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗口的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("666");
    }
}

多个按钮，共享一个事件

package com.qyx.www.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮 实现同一个监听
        //开始 停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示的定义出发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();

        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActioncommand()获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了： msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
        if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){

        }

    }
}

2.5.输入框.testfield监听

package com.qyx.www.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动！
        new Myframe();
    }
}

class Myframe extends Frame{
    public Myframe(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
       TextField field =(TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());
        field.setText("");//null
    }
}

2.6.简易计算器，组合+内部类回顾复习

OOP原则：组合，大于继承！

package com.qyx.www.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Calculator();
    }
}

//计算器类
class  Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
       //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;

    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        //2.将这个值 + 法运算后，放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        //3.清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

2.7.画笔

package com.qyx.www.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
               new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g){
    //super.paint(g);
        //画笔需要又颜色，画笔可以画画
       //g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆

        //g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150,200,150,200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将他还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

2.8.鼠标监听

目的：想要实现鼠标画画

package com.qyx.www.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    //鼠标监听事件
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");

    }
}

//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame(String title) {
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
           //存鼠标的点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }

    @Override
    public  void paint(Graphics g){
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point =(Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标 按下，弹起，按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
            MyFrame myFrame =(MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会再界面上产生一个点：画
            //这个点就说鼠标的点;
            myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            myFrame.repaint();//刷新 30帧 60帧

        }
    }
}

2.9.窗口监听

package com.qyx.www.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowsFrame();
    }
}

class WindowsFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowsFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());

        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    //关闭窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                    //激活窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        WindowsFrame source = (WindowsFrame)e.getSource();
                        source.setTitle("被激活了");
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                    }
                }
        );
    }


}

2.10.键盘监听

package com.qyx.www.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
               //获得键盘下的键是哪一个，当前的码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });

    }
}

3.Swing

3.1.窗口。面板

package com.qyx.www.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJframe2().init();
    }
}

class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
        this.setVisible(true);

        JLabel label = new JLabel("欢迎来到我的世界！");
        this.add(label);

        //让文本标签居中  设置水平对齐
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        //获得一个容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
    }
}

3.2弹窗

JDialog，用来被弹出，默认就有关闭事件

package com.qyx.www.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

    //主窗口
    public class DialogDemo extends JFrame{

        public DialogDemo(){
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setSize(700,500);
            this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

            //JFrame 放东西，容器
            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            //绝对布局
            container.setLayout(null);

            //按钮
            JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框"); //创建
            button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

            //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
            button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    //弹窗
                    new MyDialogDemo();
                }
            });

            container.add(button);
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new DialogDemo();
        }
    }

    //弹窗的窗口
    class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
        public MyDialogDemo(){
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);

            Container container = this.getContentPane();
            container.setLayout(null);

            container.add(new Label("老师带你学java"));
        }
    }

3.3标签

label

new JLabel("xxx");

图标ICON

package com.qyx.www.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {

    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){} //无参构造

           public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
           }

           public void init(){
               IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
               //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上1
               JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

               Container container = getContentPane();
               container.add(label);

               this.setVisible(true);
               this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
           }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }


    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {

    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return 0;
    }
}

图片ICON

package com.qyx.www.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo() {
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url); //命名不要冲突了
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
                 new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4面板

Jpanel

package com.qyx.www.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo(){

    Container container = this.getContentPane();

        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数是间距的意思

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));

        container.add(panel1);
        container.add(panel2);
        container.add(panel3);
        container.add(panel4);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);


    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JScrollPanel

package com.qyx.www.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {

    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说Java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollpane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollpane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5按钮

（1）单选按钮

（2）复选按钮

3.6列表

下拉框

package com.qyx.www.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
             new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

列表框

package com.qyx.www.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo02()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

      //生成列表的内容
        String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};
        //列表中需要放入内容
        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jList);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

3.7文本框

文本框

package com.qyx.www.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo01()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextField textField = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("hello",20);

        container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

密码框

package com.qyx.www.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo03()  {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

       JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//***
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);


        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo03();
    }
}

文本域

package com.qyx.www.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {

    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习狂神说Java");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane scrollpane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(scrollpane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

内容较多，但覆盖了GUI的所有方面，后续可以利用GUI实现一个简单贪吃蛇小游戏。