C＋＋程序设计-实验六 指针初步

2021/12/10

1.编写函数int fun(int x, int *p)

功能是:求出能整除x且不是偶数的各整数，并按照从小到大的顺序放在p指向的内存中，函数返回值为这些整数的个数。

例如: x的值为30，则数组中的数应为1，3，5,15，函数返回值为4。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int fun(int x, int* p) {
	int n = 0;
	for (int i = 3; i < x; i=i+2) {
		if (x % i == 0) {
			*p = i;
			n = n + 1;
			p = p + 1;
		}
	}
	return n;
}
int main() {
	int a[1000] = { 0 };
	int x = 0;
	cin >> x;
	cout << "数组中的数为：" ;
	cout << "1" << " ";
	for (int i = 0; i < fun(x,a) ; i++) {
		cout << a[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	cout<<"这些整数的个数为："<<fun(x, a)+1;
	return 0;
}

2.实现一个3*4的整型矩阵的转置。

要求:矩阵元素终端输入;转置功能另写一个函数实现;指针实现元素互换。

#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
void f(int(* a)[4], int x = 4, int y = 4) {
	int b;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		for (int j = i + 1; j < 4; j++) {
			b = *(*(a + i) + j);
			*(*(a + i) + j) = *(*(a + j) + i);
			*(*(a + j) + i) = b;
		}
	}
}
int main() {
	int a[4][4] = { 0 };
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
			cin >> a[i][j];
		}
	}
    cout << "原来的矩阵为：" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
			cout << setw(4)<< a[i][j] ;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	f(a);
	cout << "转置的矩阵为：" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
			cout << setw(4) << a[i][j];
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

3.以下代码功能为“求解二维数组a[3][4]的平均值”。补充函数部分代码。注:函数fun1()与fun2()实现的功能相同，aver1=aver2。

int main()

{float score[3][4]={ {65,67,70 ,60}, {80,87,90,81}, {90,99,100,98} };

cout<<"aver1="<<fun1(score,3)<<endl;

cout<<"aver2="<<fun2(*score,12)<<endl;

return 0;

}

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
float fun1(float (*a)[4], int x = 3) {
	float sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
			sum = sum + a[i][j];
		}
	}
	return sum / 12;
}
float fun2(float a[4], int n = 12) {
	float sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
		sum = sum + *(a + i);
	}
	return sum / 12;
}
int main(){
	float score[3][4] = { {65,67,70 ,60}, {80,87,90,81}, {90,99,100,98} };
	cout << "aver1=" << fun1(score, 3) << endl;
	cout << "aver2=" << fun2(*score, 12) << endl; \
	return 0;
}

4.课后题4

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void f(int* a, int n, int m) {
	int b[10000];
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		b[(i + m ) % n] = a[i];
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		a[i] = b[i];
	}
}
int main() {
	int n = 0;
	int m = 0;
	int a[10000] = { 0 };
	int b[10000] = { 0 };
	cout << "输入整数个数：";
	cin >> n;
	cout << "输入后移位数：";
	cin >> m;
	cout << "输入" << n << "个整数：";
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cin >> a[i];
	}
	f(a,n,m);
	cout << "调整后的" << n << "数为：";
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		cout << a[i] <<" ";
	}
	return 0;
}

5.课后题5

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
	int n = 0, x = 0, k = 0, m = 3;
	int a[10000];
	int* p = a;
	cin >> n;
	x = n;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		a[i] = 1;
	}
	while (x > 1) {
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		    if (*(a + i) != 0) {
			   k = k + 1;
		    }
			if (k == m) {
			   *(a + i) = 0;
			   x = x - 1;
			   k = 0;
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (*(a + i) != 0) {
			cout << "留下的人排在第" << i+1 << "号" << endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

6.在主函数中输入5个字符串，另写一个函数实现它们的排序，并在主函数中输出排序后的字符串。

要求:用指针数组实现，考虑字符串不等长的情况。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void f(char a[][80]) {
	char* b[5];
	char* temp;
	int x = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		b[i] = a[i];
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		x = i;
		for (int j = i + 1; j < 5; j++) {
			if (strcmp(b[x],b[j])>0) {
				x = j;
			}
		}
		if (x != i){
			temp = b[x];
			b[x] = b[i];
			b[i] = temp;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		cout << b[i] << endl;
	}
}
int main() {
	char a[5][80];
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
		cin >> a[i];
	}
	f(a);
	return 0;
}

7.课后题13

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
float f(float (*p)(float), float a, float b, int n) {
	int i;
	float x, h, s;
	h = (b - a) / n;
	x = a;
	s = 0;
	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
		x = x + h;
		s = s + (*p)(x) * h;
	}
	return s;
}
int main() {
	float a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3, (*p)(float), c;
	int n = 20;
	cin >> a1 >> b1;
	cin >> a2 >> b2;
	cin >> a3 >> b3;
	p = sin;
	c = f(p, a1, b1, n);
	cout << "sin(x)" << "从" << a1 << "到" << b1 << "的定积分为：" << c << endl;
	p = cos;
	c = f(p, a2, b2, n);
	cout << "cos(x)" << "从" << a2 << "到" << b2 << "的定积分为：" << c << endl;
	p = exp;
	c = f(p, a3, b3, n);
	cout << "exp(x)" << "从" << a3 << "到" << b3 << "的定积分为：" << c << endl;
	return 0;
}

实验体会：

1. 注意指针的初始位置
2. 交换地址时候注意交换顺序
3. 注意输出时是否输出更改后的内容
4. 注意顺序的更迭
5. 注意指针定义的意义