A Plus Abs B
Fill in the blanks in the following function for adding to the absolute value of , without calling . You may not modify any of the provided code other than the two blanks.
from operator import add, sub
def a_plus_abs_b(a, b):
"""Return a+abs(b), but without calling abs.
>>> a_plus_abs_b(2, 3)
5
>>> a_plus_abs_b(2, -3)
5
>>> # a check that you didn't change the return statement!
>>> import inspect, re
>>> re.findall(r'^\s*(return .*)', inspect.getsource(a_plus_abs_b), re.M)
['return h(a, b)']
"""
if b >= 0:
h = _____
else:
h = _____
return h(a, b)
answer:
from operator import add, sub
def a_plus_abs_b(a, b):
if b >= 0:
h = add
else:
h = sub
return h(a, b)
利用 if 语句实现 h = a + |b|
Two of Three
Write a function that takes three positive numbers as arguments and returns the sum of the squares of the two smallest numbers. Use only a single line for the body of the function.
def two_of_three(x, y, z):
"""Return a*a + b*b, where a and b are the two smallest members of the
positive numbers x, y, and z.
>>> two_of_three(1, 2, 3)
5
>>> two_of_three(5, 3, 1)
10
>>> two_of_three(10, 2, 8)
68
>>> two_of_three(5, 5, 5)
50
>>> # check that your code consists of nothing but an expression (this docstring)
>>> # a return statement
>>> import inspect, ast
>>> [type(x).__name__ for x in ast.parse(inspect.getsource(two_of_three)).body[0].body]
['Expr', 'Return']
"""
return _____
answer:
def two_of_three(x, y, z):
return x*x + y*y + z*z - max(x, y, z)*max(x, y, z)
求出三个数中较小两个数的平方和
Largest Factor
Write a function that takes an integer that is greater than 1 and returns the largest integer that is smaller than and evenly divides .
def largest_factor(x):
"""Return the largest factor of x that is smaller than x.
>>> largest_factor(15) # factors are 1, 3, 5
5
>>> largest_factor(80) # factors are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40
40
>>> largest_factor(13) # factor is 1 since 13 is prime
1
"""
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
answer:
def largest_factor(x):
factor = x - 1
while factor > 0:
if x % factor == 0:
return factor
factor -= 1
return 1
给出数字x的最大因子
If Function vs Statement
Let's try to write a function that does the same thing as an statement. if
def if_function(condition, true_result, false_result):
"""Return true_result if condition is a true value, and
false_result otherwise.
>>> if_function(True, 2, 3)
2
>>> if_function(False, 2, 3)
3
>>> if_function(3==2, 3+2, 3-2)
1
>>> if_function(3>2, 3+2, 3-2)
5
"""
if condition:
return true_result
else:
return false_result
Despite the doctests above, this function actually does not do the same thing as an statement in all cases. To prove this fact, write functions , and such that prints the number , but prints both and .
if
cond
true_func
false_func
with_if_statement
47
with_if_function
42
47
def with_if_statement():
"""
>>> result = with_if_statement()
47
>>> print(result)
None
"""
if cond():
return true_func()
else:
return false_func()
def with_if_function():
"""
>>> result = with_if_function()
42
47
>>> print(result)
None
"""
return if_function(cond(), true_func(), false_func())
def cond():
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
def true_func():
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
def false_func():
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
answer:
def with_if_statement():
if cond():
return true_func()
else:
return false_func()
def with_if_function():
return if_function(cond(), true_func(), false_func())
def cond():
return True
def true_func():
print(42)
def false_func():
print(47)
这是一个验证性作业,目的是验证函数with_if_statement 和 with_if_function 两者的差别:
由于两者实现的流程不一样,再某些情况下相同的条件就会导致不同的结果。在这一个例子中,对于两个函数的判断条件是一样的,但是两者的输出是不一样的。
Hailstone
Douglas Hofstadter's Pulitzer-prize-winning book, Gödel, Escher, Bach, poses the following mathematical puzzle.
- Pick a positive integer as the start.
- If is even, divide it by 2.
- If is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1.
- Continue this process until is 1.
Breaking News (or at least the closest thing to that in math). There was a recent development in the hailstone conjecture last year that shows that almost all numbers will eventually get to 1 if you repeat this process. This isn't a complete proof but a major breakthrough.
This sequence of values of is often called a Hailstone sequence. Write a function that takes a single argument with formal parameter name , prints out the hailstone sequence starting at , and returns the number of steps in the sequence:
def hailstone(x):
"""Print the hailstone sequence starting at x and return its
length.
>>> a = hailstone(10)
10
5
16
8
4
2
1
>>> a
7
"""
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
answer:
def hailstone(x):
while x != 1:
print(x)
if x % 2 == 0:
x = x // 2 #保留整数部分,去除小数部分
else:
x = x * 3 + 1
print(x)
简单给出一个初始值,进行冰雹数列的模拟输出
总结:
本次作业的目的主要是熟悉简单的Python语法,以及部分流程设计所带来的问题,最后给了一个数学模拟问题。