python编程 cs61A笔记01-02

What is Computer Science?

什么问题用计算可以解决？
如何用技术高效解决那些问题？

python有很多写法，代码示例：

	content = "ada asdfsf sdfasdfs asdfasdfawsf wwwsadfwww abwwwba"
    test = content.split()
    words = set(test)
    var = {w for w in words if w == w[::-1] and len(w) > 5}
    print(var)

	输出：
	{'abwwwba'}

上面的表达式等同于：

    for w in words:
        if w == w[::-1] and len(w) > 5:
            print({w})

print输出

print函数是Non-Pure函数，具有显示的副作用，返回是None，例题：

def with_if_statement():
    """
    >>> with_if_statement()
    1
    """
    if c():
        return t()
    else:
        return f()

def with_if_function():
    return if_function(c(), t(), f())

def c():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return True

def t():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return 1
def f():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return print(2)

习题及答案：

from operator import add, sub

def a_plus_abs_b(a, b):
    """Return a+abs(b), but without calling abs.

    >>> a_plus_abs_b(2, 3)
    5
    >>> a_plus_abs_b(2, -3)
    5
    """
    if b < 0:
        return a - b
    else:
        return  a + b


def two_of_three(a, b, c):
    """Return x*x + y*y, where x and y are the two largest members of the
    positive numbers a, b, and c.

    >>> two_of_three(1, 2, 3)
    13
    >>> two_of_three(5, 3, 1)
    34
    >>> two_of_three(10, 2, 8)
    164
    >>> two_of_three(5, 5, 5)
    50
    """
    return max(a*a+b*b, a*a+c*c, b*b+c*c)

def largest_factor(n):
    """Return the largest factor of n that is smaller than n.

    >>> largest_factor(15) # factors are 1, 3, 5
    5
    >>> largest_factor(80) # factors are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40
    40
    >>> largest_factor(13) # factor is 1 since 13 is prime
    1
    """
    i = 2
    while i <= n:
        if n % i == 0:
            return int(n/i)
        else:
            i+=1


def if_function(condition, true_result, false_result):
    """Return true_result if condition is a true value, and
    false_result otherwise.

    >>> if_function(True, 2, 3)
    2
    >>> if_function(False, 2, 3)
    3
    >>> if_function(3==2, 3+2, 3-2)
    1
    >>> if_function(3>2, 3+2, 3-2)
    5
    """
    if condition:
        return true_result
    else:
        return false_result


def with_if_statement():
    """
    >>> with_if_statement()
    1
    """
    if c():
        return t()
    else:
        return f()

def with_if_function():
    return if_function(c(), t(), f())

def c():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return True

def t():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return 1
def f():
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    return print(2)
def hailstone(n):
    """Print the hailstone sequence starting at n and return its
    length.

    >>> a = hailstone(10)
    10
    5
    16
    8
    4
    2
    1
    >>> a
    7
    """
    "*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
    a=1
    while (n != 1):
        print (int(n))
        a = a + 1
        if n % 2 == 0:
            n = n / 2
        else:
            n = n * 3 + 1
    print (int(n))
    return int(a)