JavaSE小练习——图书管理系统

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目录

一、用户界面

​编辑1、管理员界面

2、普通用户界面

​编辑 ​编辑二、思路分析

三、具体方法的实现

1、Book包下的Book类和BookList类

2、user包下的User类、AdminUser类和NormalUser类

3、operation包下的各种类和接口

4、Main方法

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一、用户界面

1、管理员界面

 

2、普通用户界面

 二、思路分析

我们要实现一个图书管理系统，首先需要有书，而书需要放在书架上，所以我们要有书架。有了书架我们就可以从书架上面拿书、放书。接下来分析书的属性，书有书名、作者、类型、价格以及是否借出的状态。最后分析图书管理系统的使用者，使用者分为两种，一种是管理员，另一种是普通用户，管理员和普通用户各自的操作在前面我们都已经看过，就不再赘述了。接下来我们就可以一步一步的用代码写出来。

三、具体方法的实现

1、Book包下的Book类和BookList类

首先我们把Book类写好

package Book;
public class Book {
    private String name;//书名
    private String author;//作者
    private int price;//价格
    private String type;//类型
    private boolean isBorrow;//是否借出
    //构造方法，初始化新书
    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrow() {
        return isBorrow;
    }

    public void setBorrow(boolean borrow) {
        isBorrow = borrow;
    }
//用于后面打印图书信息
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BookList{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ((isBorrow==false) ? "未借阅":"已借阅")+
                '}';
    }
}

Book类写好后我们需要一个书架，也就是BookList类

package Book;
public class BookList {
    Book[] books=new Book[10];//假设书架只能容纳10本书，这个数量可以调整
    public int usedSize;//书架上书的个数
    //我们先初始化3本书
    public BookList() {
        books[0]=new Book("西游记","吴承恩",10,"小说");
        books[1]=new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",108,"小说");
        books[2]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",19,"小说");
        usedSize=3;
    }
    
    public Book getBooks(int pos) {
        return books[pos];
    }

    public void setBooks(Book book,int pos) {
        books[pos]=book;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }
}

2、user包下的User类、AdminUser类和NormalUser类

User  父类

package user;
import Book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
     protected String name;//用户名
     protected IOperation[] iOperations;//用户的操作

     public User(String name) {
          this.name=name;
     }
     public abstract int menu();
     public void DoOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
          this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
     }
}

AdminUser类

package user;
import Book.BookList;//用户需要操作书架
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{
    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation()

        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("hello "+name+" 欢迎使用图书管理系统");
        System.out.println("===========管理员=========");
        System.out.println("1.查找书籍");
        System.out.println("2.添加书籍");
        System.out.println("3.删除书籍");
        System.out.println("4.显示书籍");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");

        System.out.println("请选择你的操作：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

NormalUser类

package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User{
    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };
    }
    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("hello " + name + " 欢迎使用图书管理系统");
        System.out.println("==========普通用户=========");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("请选择你的操作：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

3、operation包下的各种类和接口

操作类抽象出来的一个公共接口

package operation;
import Book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
// 接下来实现该接口的类会对work方法进行不同方式的重写，以此来实现他们各自的操作
}

添加操作

package operation;
import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.print("请输入你要添加的书名：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.print("请输入你要添加的书的作者：");
        String author=scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.print("请输入你要添加的书的类型：");
        String type=scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.print("请输入你要添加到书的价格：");
        int price=scanner.nextInt();

        Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type);
        int currentSize=bookList.usedSize;
        bookList.setBooks(book,currentSize);
        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);
        System.out.println("添加成功！");
    }
}

借阅操作

package operation;
import Book.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的书名:");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.usedSize;
        for (int i = 0; i <currentSize ; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBooks(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                book.setBorrow(true);//在借阅前书的isBorrow默认为false，所以我们只需将false改为true
                System.out.println("借阅成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}

删除操作

package operation;
import Book.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的书名：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.usedSize;
        for (int i = 0; i <currentSize ; i++) {//遍历图书，找到需要删除的书
            Book book=bookList.getBooks(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                //找到需要删除的书后再分两种情况，如果该书不是最后一本，则将后面的书整体向前移动一步
                while(i<currentSize-1) {
                    bookList.setBooks(bookList.getBooks(i+1),i);
                    i++;
                }
                //如果要删除的书是最后一本，或者已经移动完书，则将书的数目减一
                if(i==currentSize-1) {
                    bookList.setUsedSize(i);
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("删除成功！");
    }
}

显示图书操作

package operation;
import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;

public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.usedSize; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBooks(i);
            System.out.println(book.toString());
        }
        System.out.println("显示成功！");
    }
}

查找图书操作

package operation;
import Book.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation {

    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.usedSize;
        for (int i = 0; i <currentSize; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBooks(i);
           if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
               System.out.println(book.toString());
               System.out.println("查找成功！");
               return;
           }
        }
        System.out.println("没有找到你要找的书！");

    }
}

归还图书操作

package operation;
import Book.*;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {

    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的书名：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize=bookList.usedSize;
        for (int i = 0; i <currentSize ; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getBooks(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                book.setBorrow(false);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("归还成功！");
    }
}

退出系统

package operation;

import Book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出成功！");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

4、Main方法

public class Main {
    public static User login() {
        System.out.println("请输入姓名：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请选择你的身份：1.->管理员,0.->普通成员");
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice==1) {
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }else {
            return new NormalUser(name);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList=new BookList();
        User user=login();
        while(true) {
            int choice=user.menu();//动态绑定
            user.DoOperation(choice, bookList);
        }
    }
}