抽象工厂模式
基本介绍
- 抽象工厂模式:定义了一个 interface 用于创建相关或有依赖关系的对象簇,而无需指明具体的类
- 抽象工厂模式可以将简单工厂模式和工厂方法模式进行整合
- 从设计层面看,抽象工厂模式就是对简单工厂模式的改进(或者称为进一步的抽象)
- 将工厂抽象成两层,AbsFactory(抽象工厂)和具体实现的工厂子类。程序员可以根据创建对象类型使用对应的工厂子类。这样将单个的简单工厂类变成了工厂簇,更利于代码的维护和扩展。
代码示例:
pizza: 同上
order:
package com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;
/**
* @author Lango
* @version 1.0
*/
// 抽象工厂模式的抽象层(接口)
public interface AbsFactory {
// 让下面的工厂子类具体实现
public Pizza createPizza(String orderType);
}
package com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.BJCheesePizza;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.BJPepperPizza;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;
/**
* @author Lango
* @version 1.0
*/
public class BJFactory implements AbsFactory {
@Override
public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
System.out.println("使用的是抽象工厂模式");
Pizza pizza = null;
if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
}
return pizza;
}
}
package com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.LDCheesePizza;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.LDPepperPizza;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;
/**
* @author Lango
* @version 1.0
*/
public class LDFactory implements AbsFactory {
@Override
public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
System.out.println("使用的是抽象工厂模式");
Pizza pizza = null;
if (orderType.equals("cheese")) {
pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
} else if (orderType.equals("pepper")) {
pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
}
return pizza;
}
}
package com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;
import com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
/**
* @author Lango
* @version 1.0
*/
public class OrderPizza {
AbsFactory factory;
public OrderPizza(AbsFactory factory) {
setFactory(factory);
}
private void setFactory(AbsFactory factory) {
Pizza pizza = null;
String orderType = ""; // 用户输入
this.factory = factory;
do {
orderType = getType();
// factory 可能是北京的工厂子类,也可能是伦敦的工厂子类
pizza = factory.createPizza(orderType);
if (pizza != null) {
// 输出 pizza 制作过程
pizza.prepare();
pizza.bake();
pizza.cut();
pizza.box();
} else {
return;
}
} while (true);
}
// 写一个方法,可以获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
private String getType() {
try {
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println(" input pizza type: ");
return bufferedReader.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "";
}
}
}
test:
package com.lango.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;
/**
* @author Lango
* @version 1.0
*/
public class PizzaStore {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// new OrderPizza(new BJFactory());
new OrderPizza(new LDFactory());
}
}
工厂模式在 JDK-Calendar 应用的源码分析
- JDK 中的 Calendar 类中,就使用了简单工厂模式
public static Calendar getInstance()
{
return createCalendar(TimeZone.getDefault(), Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
}
private static Calendar createCalendar(TimeZone zone,
Locale aLocale)
{
CalendarProvider provider =
LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(CalendarProvider.class, aLocale)
.getCalendarProvider();
if (provider != null) {
try {
return provider.getInstance(zone, aLocale);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
// fall back to the default instantiation
}
}
Calendar cal = null;
if (aLocale.hasExtensions()) {
String caltype = aLocale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
if (caltype != null) {
switch (caltype) {
case "buddhist":
cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
break;
case "japanese":
cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
break;
case "gregory":
cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
break;
}
}
}
if (cal == null) {
// If no known calendar type is explicitly specified,
// perform the traditional way to create a Calendar:
// create a BuddhistCalendar for th_TH locale,
// a JapaneseImperialCalendar for ja_JP_JP locale, or
// a GregorianCalendar for any other locales.
// NOTE: The language, country and variant strings are interned.
if (aLocale.getLanguage() == "th" && aLocale.getCountry() == "TH") {
cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
} else if (aLocale.getVariant() == "JP" && aLocale.getLanguage() == "ja"
&& aLocale.getCountry() == "JP") {
cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
} else {
cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
}
}
return cal;
}
使用了简单工厂模式
工厂模式小结
-
工厂模式的意义
将实例化对象的代码提取出来,放到一个类中统一管理和维护,达到和主项目的依赖关系的解耦。从而提高项目的扩展和维护性。
-
三种工厂模式(简单工厂模式、工厂方法模式、抽象工厂模式)
-
设计模式的依赖抽象原则
- 创建对象实例时,不要直接 new 类,而是把这个 new 类的动作放在一个工厂的方法中,并返回。有的书上说,变量不要直接持有具体类的引用
- 不要让类继承具体类,而是继承抽象类或者实现 interface(接口)
- 不要覆盖基类中已经实现的方法