数据结构排序合集(C语言实现)

前言

在这里插入图片描述

以下代码环境为vs2022

插入排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include<stdio.h>



// 插入排序

void InsertSort(int* a, int n)

{

	for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++)

	{

		int end = i;

		int tmp = a[end + 1];

		while (end >= 0)

		{

			if (a[end] > tmp)

			{

				a[end + 1] = a[end];

				--end;

			}

			else

			{

				break;

			}

		}

		a[end + 1] = tmp;

	}

}



int main()

{

	int a[10] = { 0 };

	int i = 10;

	while (i--)

	{

		scanf("%d", &a[i]);

	}

	InsertSort(a, 10);



	for(i=0;i<10;i++)

	{

		printf("%d ", a[i]);

	}

return 0;

}

希尔排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<string.h>

// 希尔排序

void ShellSort(int* a, int n)

{

	int gap = n;

	while (gap > 1)

	{

		gap = gap / 3 + 1;

		for (int i = 0; i < n - gap; i++)



		{

			int end = i;

			int tmp = a[end + gap];

			while (end >= 0)

			{

				if (a[end] > tmp)



				{

					a[end + gap] = a[end];

					end -= gap;

				}

				else

				{

					break;

				}

			}

			a[end + gap] = tmp;

		}



	}



}



int main()

{

	int a[10] = { 0 };

	int i = 10;

	while (i--)

	{

		scanf("%d", &a[i]);

	}

	ShellSort(a, sizeof(a) / sizeof(int));



	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)

	{

		printf("%d ", a[i]);

	}



	return 0;

}

}

选择排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include<stdio.h>

// 选择排序

void swap(int* x1,int* x2)







{







	int x = *x1;







	*x1 = *x2;







	*x2 = x;







}





void SelectSort(int* a, int n)

{

	int begin = 0, end = n - 1;

	while (begin < end)

	{

		int max = begin, min = begin;

		for (int i = begin + 1; i <= end; i++)

		{

			if (a[i] < a[min])

			{

				min = i;

			}

			if (a[i] > a[max])

			{

				max = i;

			}

		}

		swap(&a[min], &a[begin]);

		if (max == begin)

		{

			max = min;

		}



		swap(&a[max], &a[end]);

		begin++;

		end--;

	}

}

int main()



{



	int a[10] = { 0 };



	int i = 10;



	while (i--)



	{



		scanf("%d", &a[i]);



	}



	SelectSort(a, 10);







	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)



	{



		printf("%d ", a[i]);



	}



	return 0;



}














堆排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#include<math.h>

#include<string.h>

// 对数组进行堆排序

typedef int HPDataType;

void swap(HPDataType* x1, HPDataType* x2)

{

HPDataType x = *x1;

*x1 = *x2;

*x2 = x;

}

void adjustdown(HPDataType* a, int n, int root)

{


int parent = root;



int child = parent * 2 + 1;



while (child < n)



{



// 选左右孩纸中大的一个



if (child + 1 < n



&& a[child + 1] > a[child])



{



++child;



}







//如果孩子大于父亲,进行调整交换 



if (a[child] > a[parent])



{



swap(&a[child], &a[parent]);



parent = child;



child = parent * 2 + 1;



}



else



{



break;



}



}



}



void HeapSort(int* a, int n)



{



int i = 0;



//升序 建大堆



for (i = (n - 1 - 1) / 2; i >= 0; i--)



{



adjustdown(a, n, i);//建立的大堆的数组并不是升序



}



int end = n - 1;



while (end > 0)



{



swap(&a[end], &a[0]);



adjustdown(a, end, 0);



end--;



}



}

int main()

{

int a[10] = { 0 };

int i = 10;

while (i--)

{

scanf("%d", &a[i]);

}

ShellSort(a, sizeof(a)/sizeof(int));



for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

printf("%d ", a[i]);

}



i = 10;

while (i--)

{

scanf("%d", &a[i]);

}

HeapSort(a, sizeof(a) / sizeof(int));

for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

printf("%d ", a[i]);

}

return 0;

}






冒泡排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
// 冒泡排序
void swap(int* x1, int* x2)







{







	int x = *x1;







	*x1 = *x2;








	*x2 = x;







}


void BubbleSort(int* a, int n)
{
	int i = 0, j = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		int exchange = 0;
		for (j = 1; j < n - i; j++)
		{
			if (a[j-1] > a[j])
			{
				swap(&a[j], &a[j - 1]);
				exchange = 1;
			}

		}
		if (exchange == 0)
		{
			break;//一趟冒泡排序中没有发生交换,表示已经有序,退出循环
		}
	}

}
int main()



{



	int a[10] = { 0 };



	int i = 10;



	while (i--)



	{



		scanf("%d", &a[i]);



	}



	BubbleSort(a, 10);







	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)



	{



		printf("%d ", a[i]);



	}



	return 0;



}

















快速排序

递归实现

1)hoare快速排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>

void swap(int* m, int* n)
{
	int tm = *m;
	*m = *n;
	*n = tm;
}

void quicksort(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	if (begin >= end)
		return;
	int left = begin, right = end;
	int key = left;
	while (left < right)
	{
		while (a[right] >= a[key] && right > left)//当左边第一个为key时,右边先走,这样可以确保与key交换位置的都是比key小的数字,从右向左找比key小的数
		{
			right--;
		}
		while (a[left] <= a[key] && right > left)//从左向右找比key大的数
		{
			left++;
		}
		swap(&a[left], &a[right]);
	}

	swap(&a[key], &a[left]);
	key = left;
	quicksort(a, begin, key - 1);
	quicksort(a, key + 1, end);
}

int main()
{
	int a[10] = { 12,5,67,23,54,4,12,3,2,90 };
	int left1 = 0, right1 = 9;
	quicksort(a, left1, right1);
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", a[i]);
	}
return 0;
}

2)挖坑法

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
// 三数取中
// begin  mid  end
int GetMidIndex(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	int mid = (begin + end) / 2;
	if (a[begin] < a[mid])
	{
		if (a[mid] < a[end])
		{
			return mid;
		}
		else if (a[begin] > a[end])
		{
			return begin;
		}
		else
		{
			return end;
		}
	}
	else // a[begin] > a[mid]
	{
		if (a[mid] > a[end])
		{
			return mid;
		}
		else if (a[begin] < a[end])
		{
			return begin;
		}
		else
		{
			return end;
		}
	}
}

void swap(int* m, int* n)
{
	int tm = *m;
	*m = *n;
	*n = tm;
}
void InsertSort(int* a, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
	{
		int end = i;
		int tmp = a[end + 1];
		while (end >= 0)
		{
			if (tmp < a[end])
			{
				a[end + 1] = a[end];
				--end;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}

		a[end + 1] = tmp;
	}
}

int holesort(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	int mid = GetMidIndex(a, begin, end);
	swap(&a[begin], &a[mid]);

	int left = begin, right = end;
	int key = a[left];
	int hole = left;
	while (left < right)
	{
		// 右边找小,填到左边坑里面
		while (left < right && a[right] >= key)
		{
			--right;
		}

		a[hole] = a[right];
		hole = right;

		// 左边找大,填到右边坑里面
		while (left < right && a[left] <= key)
		{
			++left;
		}

		a[hole] = a[left];
		hole = left;
	}

	a[hole] = key;
	return hole;
}
void QuickSort(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	if (begin >= end)
	{
		return;
	}

	if ((end - begin + 1) < 15)
	{
		// 小区间用直接插入替代,减少递归调用次数
		InsertSort(a + begin, end - begin + 1);
	}
	else
	{
		int keyi = holesort(a, begin, end);

		// [begin, keyi-1]  keyi [keyi+1, end]
		QuickSort(a, begin, keyi - 1);
		QuickSort(a, keyi + 1, end);
	}
}
int main()
{
	int a[10] = { 12,5,67,23,54,4,12,3,2,90 };
	int left1 = 0, right1 = 9;
	QuickSort(a, left1, right1);
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", a[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

3)前后指针法


#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
// 三数取中
// begin  mid  end
int GetMidIndex(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	int mid = (begin + end) / 2;
	if (a[begin] < a[mid])
	{
		if (a[mid] < a[end])
		{
			return mid;
		}
		else if (a[begin] > a[end])
		{
			return begin;
		}
		else
		{
			return end;
		}
	}
	else // a[begin] > a[mid]
	{
		if (a[mid] > a[end])
		{
			return mid;
		}
		else if (a[begin] < a[end])
		{
			return begin;
		}
		else
		{
			return end;
		}
	}
}

void swap(int* m, int* n)
{
	int tm = *m;
	*m = *n;
	*n = tm;
}
void InsertSort(int* a, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
	{
		int end = i;
		int tmp = a[end + 1];
		while (end >= 0)
		{
			if (tmp < a[end])
			{
				a[end + 1] = a[end];
				--end;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}

		a[end + 1] = tmp;
	}
}

int pointsort(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	int mid = GetMidIndex(a, begin, end);
	swap(&a[begin], &a[mid]);

	int keyi = begin;
	int prev = begin, cur = begin + 1;
	while (cur <= end)
	{
		// 找到比key小的值时,跟++prev位置交换,小的往前翻,大的往后翻
		if (a[cur] < a[keyi] && ++prev != cur)
			swap(&a[prev], &a[cur]);

		++cur;
	}

	swap(&a[prev], &a[keyi]);
	keyi = prev;
	return keyi;
}
void QuickSort(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	if (begin >= end)
	{
		return;
	}

	if ((end - begin + 1) < 15)
	{
		// 小区间用直接插入替代,减少递归调用次数
		InsertSort(a + begin, end - begin + 1);
	}
	else
	{
		int keyi = pointsort(a, begin, end);

		// [begin, keyi-1]  keyi [keyi+1, end]
		QuickSort(a, begin, keyi - 1);
		QuickSort(a, keyi + 1, end);
	}
}
int main()
{
	int a[10] = { 12,5,67,23,54,4,12,3,2,90 };
	int left1 = 0, right1 = 9;
	QuickSort(a, left1, right1);
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", a[i]);
	}
	return 0;
}

非递归实现

非递归需要以栈为工具,栈用c语言编写分为stack.h 和stack.c两个文件

//这部分代码为stack.h
#pragma once
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef int STDatatype;
typedef struct Stack
{
	STDatatype* a;
	int capacity;
	int top;   // 初始为0,表示栈顶位置下一个位置下标
}ST;

void StackInit(ST* ps);
void StackDestroy(ST* ps);
void StackPush(ST* ps, STDatatype x);
void StackPop(ST* ps);
STDatatype StackTop(ST* ps);

bool StackEmpty(ST* ps);
int StackSize(ST* ps);
#include "Stack.h"//这部分代码为stack.c

void StackInit(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);

	//ps->a = NULL;
	//ps->top = 0;
	//ps->capacity = 0;

	ps->a = (STDatatype*)malloc(sizeof(STDatatype)*4);
	if (ps->a == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		exit(-1);
	}

	ps->top = 0;
	ps->capacity = 4;
}

void StackDestroy(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);

	free(ps->a);
	ps->a = NULL;
	ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}

void StackPush(ST* ps, STDatatype x)
{
	assert(ps);

	// 
	if (ps->top == ps->capacity)
	{
		STDatatype* tmp = (STDatatype*)realloc(ps->a, ps->capacity * 2 * sizeof(STDatatype));
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc fail");
			exit(-1);
		}

		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity *= 2;
	}

	ps->a[ps->top] = x;
	ps->top++;
}

// 20:20
void StackPop(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	assert(!StackEmpty(ps));

	ps->top--;
}

STDatatype StackTop(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);
	assert(!StackEmpty(ps));

	return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
}

bool StackEmpty(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);

	/*if (ps->top == 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}*/

	return ps->top == 0;
}

int StackSize(ST* ps)
{
	assert(ps);

	return ps->top;
}
//非递归实现快排的函数
int PartSort3(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	//printf("%d,%d\n", begin, end);

	int mid = GetMidIndex(a, begin, end);
	Swap(&a[begin], &a[mid]);

	int keyi = begin;
	int prev = begin, cur = begin + 1;
	while (cur <= end)
	{
		// 找到比key小的值时,跟++prev位置交换,小的往前翻,大的往后翻
		if (a[cur] < a[keyi] && ++prev != cur)
			Swap(&a[prev], &a[cur]);

		++cur;
	}

	Swap(&a[prev], &a[keyi]);
	keyi = prev;
	return keyi;
}
void QuickSortNonR(int* a, int begin, int end)
{
	ST st;
	StackInit(&st);
	StackPush(&st, begin);
	StackPush(&st, end);

	while (!StackEmpty(&st))
	{
		int right = StackTop(&st);
		StackPop(&st);
		int left = StackTop(&st);
		StackPop(&st);

		int keyi = PartSort3(a, left, right);
		// [left, keyi-1] keyi [keyi+1, right]
		if (keyi+1 < right)
		{
			StackPush(&st, keyi + 1);
			StackPush(&st, right);
		}

		if (left < keyi-1)
		{
			StackPush(&st, left);
			StackPush(&st, keyi - 1);
		}
	}

	StackDestroy(&st);
}

归并排序

void _MergeSort(int* a, int begin, int end, int* tmp)
{
	if (begin >= end)
		return;

	int mid = (begin + end) / 2;
	// [begin, mid] [mid+1, end] 递归让子区间有序
	_MergeSort(a, begin, mid, tmp);
	_MergeSort(a, mid+1, end, tmp);

	// 归并[begin, mid] [mid+1, end]
	//...

	int begin1 = begin, end1 = mid;
	int begin2 = mid+1, end2 = end;
	int i = begin;
	while (begin1 <= end1 && begin2 <= end2)
	{
		if (a[begin1] <= a[begin2])
		{
			tmp[i++] = a[begin1++];
		}
		else
		{
			tmp[i++] = a[begin2++];
		}
	}

	while (begin1 <= end1)
	{
		tmp[i++] = a[begin1++];
	}

	while (begin2 <= end2)
	{
		tmp[i++] = a[begin2++];
	}

	memcpy(a + begin, tmp + begin, sizeof(int)*(end - begin + 1));
}

void MergeSort(int* a, int n)
{
	int* tmp = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n);
	if (tmp == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc fail");
		exit(-1);
	}

	_MergeSort(a, 0, n - 1, tmp);


	free(tmp);
	tmp = NULL;
}

计数排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void CountSort(int* a, int n)
{
	int max = a[0], min = a[0];
	for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
		if (a[i] < min)
			min = a[i];
		if (a[i] > max)
			max = a[i];
	}
	int range = max - min + 1;
	int* countA = (int*)calloc(range, sizeof(int));
	if (countA == NULL)
	{
		perror("calloc fail\n");
		exit(-1);
	}

	// 1、统计次数
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
		countA[a[i] - min]++;
	}

		// 2、排序 
		int k = 0;
		for (int j = 0; j < range; ++j) {
			while (countA[j]--)
			{
				a[k++] = j + min;
			}
			
		}
		free(countA);
	}

int main()
{
	int a[10] = { 232,231,454,331,356,345,323,276,234,265 };
	CountSort(a,10);
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", a[i]);
	}
return 0;
}
  • 1
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值