数据结构——静态链表

静态链表：线性存储结构的一种，兼顾顺序表和链表的优点，是顺序表和链表的升级；静态链表的数据全部存储在数组中(顺序表)，但存储的位置是随机的，数据直接的一对一关系是通过一个整型变量(称为“游标”，类似指针的功能)维持。它的存储空间是连续的。数据元素的个数从它创建的那一刻起就已经定死了。

老师代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define DEFAULT_SIZE 5

typedef struct StaticLinkedNode{
	char data;

	int next;
} *NodePtr;

typedef struct StaticLinkedList{
	NodePtr nodes;
	int* used;
} *ListPtr;

/**
 * Initialize the list with a header.
 * @return The pointer to the header.
 */
ListPtr initLinkedList(){
	// The pointer to the whole list space.
	ListPtr tempPtr = (ListPtr)malloc(sizeof(StaticLinkedList));

	// Allocate total space.
	tempPtr->nodes = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct StaticLinkedNode) * DEFAULT_SIZE);
	tempPtr->used = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * DEFAULT_SIZE);

	// The first node is the header.
	tempPtr->nodes[0].data = '\0';
	tempPtr->nodes[0].next = -1;

	// Only the first node is used.
	tempPtr->used[0] = 1;
	for (int i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i ++){
		tempPtr->used[i] = 0;
	}// Of for i

	return tempPtr;
}// Of initLinkedList

/**
 * Print the list.
 * @param paraListPtr The pointer to the list.
 */
void printList(ListPtr paraListPtr){
	int p = 0;
	while (p != -1) {
		printf("%c", paraListPtr->nodes[p].data);
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	}// Of while
	printf("\r\n");
}// Of printList

/**
 * Insert an element to the given position.
 * @param paraListPtr The position of the list.
 * @param paraChar The given char.
 * @param paraPosition The given position.
 */
void insertElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar, int paraPosition){
	int p, q, i;

	// Step 1. Search to the position.
	p = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < paraPosition; i ++) {
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
		if (p == -1) {
			printf("The position %d is beyond the scope of the list.\r\n", paraPosition);
			return;
		}// Of if
	} // Of for i

	// Step 2. Construct a new node.
	for (i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i ++){
		if (paraListPtr->used[i] == 0){
			// This is identical to malloc.
			printf("Space at %d allocated.\r\n", i);
			paraListPtr->used[i] = 1;
			q = i;
			break;
		}// Of if
	}// Of for i
	if (i == DEFAULT_SIZE){
		printf("No space.\r\n");
		return;
	}// Of if

	paraListPtr->nodes[q].data = paraChar;

	// Step 3. Now link.
	printf("linking\r\n");
	paraListPtr->nodes[q].next = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = q;
}// Of insertElement

/**
 * Delete an element from the list.
 * @param paraHeader The header of the list.
 * @param paraChar The given char.
 */
void deleteElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar){
	int p, q;
	p = 0;
	while ((paraListPtr->nodes[p].next != -1) && (paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].data != paraChar)){
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	}// Of while

	if (paraListPtr->nodes[p].next == -1) {
		printf("Cannot delete %c\r\n", paraChar);
		return;
	}// Of if

	q = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].next;
	
	// This statement is identical to free(q)
	paraListPtr->used[q] = 0;
}// Of deleteElement

/**
 * Unit test.
 */
void appendInsertDeleteTest(){
	// Step 1. Initialize an empty list.
	ListPtr tempList = initLinkedList();
	printList(tempList);

	// Step 2. Add some characters.
	insertElement(tempList, 'H', 0);
	insertElement(tempList, 'e', 1);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 2);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 3);
	insertElement(tempList, 'o', 4);
	printList(tempList);

	// Step 3. Delete some characters (the first occurrence).
	printf("Deleting 'e'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'e');
	printf("Deleting 'a'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'a');
	printf("Deleting 'o'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'o');
	printList(tempList);

	insertElement(tempList, 'x', 1);
	printList(tempList);
}// Of appendInsertDeleteTest

/**
 * The entrance.
 */
void main(){
	appendInsertDeleteTest();
}// Of main

1.静态链表存储结构及定义

typedef struct staticLinkedNode {
	char data;
	int next;
}*NodePtr;
typedef struct staticLinkedList {
	NodePtr nodes;
	int* used;
} *ListPtr;

2.初始化

ListPtr initLinkedList()
{
	//分配空间
	ListPtr tempPtr = (ListPtr)malloc(sizeof(StaticLinkedList));
	tempPtr->nodes = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct StaticLinkedNode) * DEFAULT_SIZE);
	tempPtr->used = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * DEFAULT_SIZE);
	//创建头节点
	tempPtr->nodes[0].data = '\0';
	tempPtr->nodes[0].next = -1;
	//记录空间使用情况
	tempPtr->used[0] = 1;
	for (int i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
		tempPtr->used[i] = 0;
	}
	return tempPtr;
}

3.插入元素

void insertElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar, int paraPosition)
{
	int p, q, i;
	//1.查找位置
	p = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < paraPosition; i++)
	{
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
		if (p == -1)
		{
			printf("所给位置超出范围\r\n");
			return;
		}
		
	}
	//创建创建新结点
	for (i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
		if (paraListPtr->used[i] == 0) {
			// This is identical to malloc.
			printf("在第 %d 个位置空余.\r\n", i);
			paraListPtr->used[i] = 1;
			q = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (i == DEFAULT_SIZE)
	{
		printf("没有空间了\n\r");
		return;
	}
	paraListPtr->nodes[q].data = paraChar;
	//连接结点
	printf("连接中\r\n");
	paraListPtr->nodes[q].next = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = q;
}

4.删除指定的元素

void deleteElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar)
{
	int p, q;
	p = 0;
	while ((paraListPtr->nodes[p].next != -1) && (paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].data != paraChar)) {
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	}
	if (paraListPtr->nodes[p].next == -1) {
		printf("没有要删除的元素\r\n", paraChar);
		return;
	}
	q = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].next;
	paraListPtr->used[q] = 0;
}

5.打印链表

void printList(ListPtr paraListPtr)
{
	int p = 0;
	while (p != -1)
	{
		printf("%c", paraListPtr->nodes[p].data);
		p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
	}
	printf("\r\n");
}

6.代码测试

void appendInsertDeleteTest() {
	// Step 1. 初始化
	ListPtr tempList = initLinkedList();
	printList(tempList);
 
	// Step 2. 添加元素
	insertElement(tempList, 'H', 0);
	insertElement(tempList, 'e', 1);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 2);
	insertElement(tempList, 'l', 3);
	insertElement(tempList, 'o', 4);
	printList(tempList);
 
	// Step 3. 删除元素
	printf("Deleting 'e'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'e');
	printf("Deleting 'a'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'a');
	printf("Deleting 'o'.\r\n");
	deleteElement(tempList, 'o');
	printList(tempList);
 
	insertElement(tempList, 'x', 1);
	printList(tempList);
}

7.运行结果

Space at 1 allocated.
linking
Space at 2 allocated.
linking
Space at 3 allocated.
linking
Space at 4 allocated.
linking
No space.
 Hell
Deleting 'e'.
Deleting 'a'.
Cannot delete a
Deleting 'o'.
Cannot delete o
 Hll
Space at 2 allocated.
linking
 Hxll
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