前言
随着云计算和容器化技术的快速发展,使用 Docker Compose 编排 LNMP 环境已经成为快速部署 Web 应用程序的一种流行方式。LNMP 环境由 Linux、Nginx、MySQL 和 PHP 组成,为运行 Web 应用提供了稳定的基础。本文将介绍如何通过 Docker Compose 编排 LNMP 环境,并利用该环境顺利完成 WordPress 的部署和配置。
编写 Dockerfile 部署 LNMP 请参考:Docker构建LNMP部署WordPress-CSDN博客
目录
3.3 准备 php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf 配置文件
2. 建议保证 nginx、mysql 服务优先启动于 php
3. 访问 wordpress/index.php 提示 File not found.
一、docker-compose 编排 lnmp
1. 环境准备
容器名 | 宿主机系统/配置 | IP地址 | Docker版本 | 基于镜像 | 安装软件 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nginx | Centos 7.4;8C/8G | 172.19.8.10 | 20.10.17 | centos:7 | Docker-NginxDocker-Wordpress |
mysql | Centos 7.4;8C/8G | 172.19.8.20 | 20.10.17 | centos:7 | Docker-Mysql |
php | Centos 7.4;8C/8G | 172.19.8.30 | 20.10.17 | centos:7 | Docker-php |
nginx 容器构建请参考:Docker部署nginx并启用https加密连接-CSDN博客
2. 准备 mysql 容器目录及相关文件
2.1 进入工作目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /lnmp/
[root@localhost lnmp]# mkdir mysql
[root@localhost lnmp]# cd mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz # 准备安装包
2.2 编写 Dockerfile 文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER mysql image <fql>
RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make
ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/ # 将MySQL源代码包解压缩到镜像/usr/local/src/目录下
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/ # 设置工作目录为MySQL源代码包的目录
RUN cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 && make -j 8 && make install
ADD my.cnf /etc/
ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH # 将MySQL的可执行文件路径添加到环境变量中
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
RUN /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld \ # 运行MySQL的初始化命令,初始化MySQL数据库
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld"] # 启动MySQL数据库服务
2.3 准备 my.cnf 文件
[root@localhost mysql]# cat my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
3. 准备 php 容器目录及相关文件
3.1 进入工作目录
[root@localhost mysql]# cd ..
[root@localhost lnmp]# mkdir php
[root@localhost lnmp]# cd php/
[root@localhost php]# ls
php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 # 准备安装包
3.2 编写 Dockerfile 文件
[root@localhost php]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER php image <fql>
RUN yum -y install gd \ # 安装一系列依赖包
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/ # 将php文件解压并复制到/usr/local/src/目录下
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10 # 设置工作目录
RUN ./configure \ # 配置PHP编译选项
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip && make -j 8 && make install
ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH # 将PHP可执行文件路径添加到系统PATH中
ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/
ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
EXPOSE 9000 # 暴露容器的9000端口,用于PHP-FPM服务
ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm", "-F" ] # 启动PHP-FPM服务并以守护进程方式运行
3.3 准备 php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf 配置文件
3.3.1 php.ini
[root@localhost php]# vim php.ini
939 date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai # 取消注释,修改
1170 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
# MySQL数据库的默认socket文件路径,用于PHP连接MySQL数据库时寻找MySQL服务器的通信端口
[root@localhost php]# egrep -v "^;" php.ini | egrep -v "^$"
# 显示php.ini文件中的非注释和非空行内容,即显示出配置文件中的有效配置项
[PHP]
engine = On
short_open_tag = Off
precision = 14
output_buffering = 4096
zlib.output_compression = Off
implicit_flush = Off
unserialize_callback_func =
serialize_precision = -1
disable_functions =
disable_classes =
zend.enable_gc = On
expose_php = On
max_execution_time = 30
max_input_time = 60
memory_limit = 128M
error_reporting = E_ALL
display_errors = On
display_startup_errors = On
log_errors = On
log_errors_max_len = 1024
ignore_repeated_errors = Off
ignore_repeated_source = Off
report_memleaks = On
track_errors = On
html_errors = On
variables_order = "GPCS"
request_order = "GP"
register_argc_argv = Off
auto_globals_jit = On
post_max_size = 8M
auto_prepend_file =
auto_append_file =
default_mimetype = "text/html"
default_charset = "UTF-8"
doc_root =
user_dir =
enable_dl = Off
file_uploads = On
upload_max_filesize = 2M
max_file_uploads = 20
allow_url_fopen = On
allow_url_include = Off
default_socket_timeout = 60
[CLI Server]
cli_server.color = On
[Date]
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
[filter]
[iconv]
[intl]
[sqlite3]
[Pcre]
[Pdo]
[Pdo_mysql]
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000
pdo_mysql.default_socket=
[Phar]
[mail function]
SMTP = localhost
smtp_port = 25
mail.add_x_header = On
[SQL]
sql.safe_mode = Off
[ODBC]
odbc.allow_persistent = On
odbc.check_persistent = On
odbc.max_persistent = -1
odbc.max_links = -1
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
[Interbase]
ibase.allow_persistent = 1
ibase.max_persistent = -1
ibase.max_links = -1
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"
[MySQLi]
mysqli.max_persistent = -1
mysqli.allow_persistent = On
mysqli.max_links = -1
mysqli.cache_size = 2000
mysqli.default_port = 3306
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
mysqli.default_host =
mysqli.default_user =
mysqli.default_pw =
mysqli.reconnect = Off
[mysqlnd]
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On
[OCI8]
[PostgreSQL]
pgsql.allow_persistent = On
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off
pgsql.max_persistent = -1
pgsql.max_links = -1
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0
pgsql.log_notice = 0
[bcmath]
bcmath.scale = 0
[browscap]
[Session]
session.save_handler = files
session.use_strict_mode = 0
session.use_cookies = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.name = PHPSESSID
session.auto_start = 0
session.cookie_lifetime = 0
session.cookie_path = /
session.cookie_domain =
session.cookie_httponly =
session.serialize_handler = php
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
session.referer_check =
session.cache_limiter = nocache
session.cache_expire = 180
session.use_trans_sid = 0
session.sid_length = 26
session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form="
session.sid_bits_per_character = 5
[Assertion]
zend.assertions = 1
[COM]
[mbstring]
[gd]
[exif]
[Tidy]
tidy.clean_output = Off
[soap]
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5
[sysvshm]
[ldap]
ldap.max_links = -1
[mcrypt]
[dba]
[opcache]
[curl]
[openssl]
3.3.2 php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php]# vim php-fpm.conf
17 pid = run/php-fpm.pid # 删除注释符号“;”
[root@localhost php]# egrep -v "^;" php-fpm.conf | egrep -v "^$"
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
3.3.3 www.conf
[root@localhost php]# vim www.conf
23 user = nginx
24 group = nginx
36 listen = 172.19.0.30:9000 # 修改监听IP和端口为容器IP:9000端口
[root@localhost php]# egrep -v "^;" www.conf | egrep -v "^$"
[www]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 172.19.0.30:9000
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1,172.19.0.10
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
4. 编辑 docker-compose.yml 文件
[root@localhost php]# cd ..
[root@localhost lnmp]# ls
mysql nginx php
[root@localhost lnmp]# vim docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
nginx:
container_name: nginx01 # 指定容器的名称为nginx01
hostname: nginx-host # 容器的主机名为nginx-host
image: nginx:lnmp # 使用的镜像为nginx:lnmp
build: # 构建上下文和Dockerfile的位置
context: ./nginx
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports: # 将宿主机的80端口映射到容器的80端口,将宿主机的443端口映射到容器的443端口
- 80:80
- 443:443
volumes: # 将/usr/local/nginx/html目录设为共享挂载点
- /usr/local/nginx/html
networks: # 将该服务连接到名为lnmp的网络,并指定了容器的IPv4地址
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.19.0.10
mysql:
container_name: mysql01 # 容器的名称为mysql01
hostname: mysql-host # 容器的主机名为mysql-host
image: mysql:lnmp # 使用的镜像为mysql:lnmp
privileged: true # 使容器内的root拥有真正的root权限
build: # 构建上下文和Dockerfile的位置
context: ./mysql
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports: # 将宿主机的3306端口映射到容器的3306端口
- 3306:3306
volumes: # 创建容器共享挂载目录/usr/local/mysql
- /usr/local/mysql
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.19.0.20
php:
container_name: php # 容器的名称为php
hostname: php-host # 容器的主机名为php-host
image: php:lnmp # 使用的镜像为php:lnmp
build: # 指定了构建上下文和Dockerfile的位置
context: ./php
dockerfile: Dockerfile
ports: # 将宿主机的9000端口映射到容器的9000端口
- 9000:9000
depends_on: # 声明了该服务依赖于nginx和mysql服务
- nginx
- mysql
volumes_from: # 从nginx和mysql服务中挂载卷
- nginx
- mysql
networks:
lnmp:
ipv4_address: 172.19.0.30
networks: # 定义了一个叫做lnmp的网络,使用了bridge驱动
lnmp:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config: # 指定了IP地址池的子网范围
- subnet: 172.19.0.0/16
5. 下载 Docker Compose 并安装
[root@localhost ~]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# `uname -s`-`uname -m`也可以写成$(uname -s) 和 $(uname -m):分别会自动替换为你的系统类型(如:Linux)和机器架构(如:x86_64),确保你下载的是适合你系统的版本。
# curl -L:这部分表示使用curl命令进行下载,并且使用-L参数来跟随重定向
# -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose: 表示将下载的文件保存为/usr/local/bin目录下的docker-compose文件
[root@localhost bin]# pwd
/usr/local/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ls
docker-compose
[root@localhost bin]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@localhost bin]# ll
总用量 10616
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10867152 5月 3 16:34 docker-compose
[root@localhost bin]# docker-compose --version # 查看版本
docker-compose version 1.21.1, build 5a3f1a3
6. 查看工作目录清理历史数据
[root@localhost lnmp]# tree -L 3
.
├── docker-compose.yml
├── mysql
│ ├── Dockerfile
│ ├── my.cnf
│ └── mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
├── nginx
│ ├── cert
│ │ ├── ca-key.pem
│ │ ├── ca.pem
│ │ ├── ca.srl
│ │ ├── server-cert.pem
│ │ ├── server.csr
│ │ └── server-key.pem
│ ├── Dockerfile
│ ├── html
│ │ ├── index.html
│ │ └── wordpress
│ ├── nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
│ ├── nginx.conf
│ └── wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
└── php
├── Dockerfile
├── php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
├── php-fpm.conf
├── php.ini
└── www.conf
# 删除原镜像、容器、网络、数据卷:docker-compose -f docker-compose-yml down
建议单独删,别把有用的文件一块删了:
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx centos a5f6eea7f002 6 hours ago 623MB
nginx latest 7383c266ef25 9 days ago 188MB
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 2 years ago 204MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dca9b540b422 nginx:centos "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp n1
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f dca9b540b422
dca9b540b422
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f a5f6eea7f002
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network
7. 启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# cd /lnmp/
[root@localhost lnmp]# ls
docker-compose.yml mysql nginx php
[root@localhost lnmp]# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d
Creating mysql01 ... done
Creating nginx01 ... done
Creating php ... done
[root@localhost lnmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
php lnmp 2c776b3060db About a minute ago 1.41GB
mysql lnmp 291e964e74d3 8 minutes ago 10.1GB
nginx lnmp dc1695c1c244 26 minutes ago 651MB
nginx latest 7383c266ef25 9 days ago 188MB
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 2 years ago 204MB
[root@localhost lnmp]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2e2c69e85e86 php:lnmp "/usr/local/php/sbin…" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp php
bd45ba2ccaeb mysql:lnmp "/usr/local/mysql/bi…" 23 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp mysql01
6dc9248104d1 nginx:lnmp "/usr/local/nginx/sb…" 23 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, :::443->443/tcp nginx01
8. 进入容器登录 mysql 授权
[root@localhost lnmp]# docker exec -it mysql01 /bin/bash
[root@mysql-host mysql-5.7.20]# mysql
mysql> create database wordpress;
mysql> grant all privileges on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@mysql-host mysql-5.7.20]# exit
9. 创建一个新的配置文件 wp-config.php
[root@localhost lnmp]# cd /lnmp/nginx/html/wordpress
[root@localhost wordpress]# ls
index.php wp-admin wp-content wp-load.php wp-signup.php
license.txt wp-blog-header.php wp-cron.php wp-login.php wp-trackback.php
readme.html wp-comments-post.php wp-includes wp-mail.php xmlrpc.php
wp-activate.php wp-config-sample.php wp-links-opml.php wp-settings.php
[root@localhost wordpress]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
[root@localhost wordpress]# vim wp-config.php
/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');
/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define('DB_USER', 'wordpress');
/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', '123456');
# 修改WordPress数据库信息
10. 浏览器访问 wordpress
访问http://192.168.190.108/wordpress/index.php
二、错误总结
1. php 无法获取指定镜像
WARNING: Image for service mysql was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.
Pulling php (php:lnmp)...
ERROR: manifest for php:lnmp not found: manifest unknown: manifest unknown
[root@localhost lnmp]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
排错:检查docker-compose.yml文件
build: # 指定了构建上下文和Dockerfile的位置
context: ./php
dockerfile: Dockerfile
原因是缺少build
2. 建议保证 nginx、mysql 服务优先启动于 php
depends_on: # 声明了该服务依赖于nginx和mysql服务
- nginx
- mysql
3. 访问 wordpress/index.php 提示 File not found.
① 查看 Dockerfile 指定映射路径是否正确,一开始路径写成yum安装的share了
② 查看 Dockerfile 指定映射路径权限问题,777没毛病
③ 另外:最坑的
ADD html/ /usr/local/nginx/html/
居然不能把本地的 html/里面内容 拷贝到容器/usr/local/nginx/html/
COPY html/ /usr/local/nginx/html/
尝试了修改为COPY;或者尝试直接ADD解压压缩包到容器;或者尝试在compose里面加values
volumes: # 将本地目录./lnmp/nginx/html/挂载到容器内的/usr/local/nginx/html目录
- ./lnmp/nginx/html/:/usr/local/nginx/html
最后发现Dockerfile与composed定义的有冲突,修改为
- /usr/local/nginx/html
4. yum 安装依赖包失败
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=container error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Unknown error"
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache
# 如果遇到类似dns问题,可修改dns、替换阿里源尝试解决
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sysctl -p
systemctl restart network
systemctl restart docker
5. 其他建议
- 建议多核编译,提高效率
- 出现故障可分开排查,比如nginx有问题,可以删掉compose其他容器服务配置,单独检查,避免多次编译