复制整个文件夹内容
cp -r /mnt/* /opt/centos
1. 环境配置
(1)配置主机名
主机密码默认为Abc@1234,使用Linux命令修改节点主机名。
[root@controller ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname controller
[root@controller ~]# hostname
controller
[root@compute ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname compute
[root@compute ~]# hostname
compute
修改完成后,点击浏览器“刷新”按钮刷新页面,以生效新主机名。
(2)配置域名解析
使用vi命令在controller节点与compute节点的/etc/hosts文件添加如下内容,添加完成后输入:wq保存文件内容退出。
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/hosts
…
192.168.200.12 controller
192.168.200.21 compute
[root@compute ~]# vi /etc/hosts
…
192.168.200.12 controller
192.168.200.21 compute
对应的IP地址根据云主机实际IP地址填写。
(3)配置yum环境
将OpenStack云平台部署的iso文件通过curl命令下载到controller节点的/root目录下。在/opt目录生成centos7-2009和iaas-train目录,将安装镜像文件内容复制到centos7-2009和iaas目录中。
[root@controller ~]# curl -O http://mirrors.douxuedu.com/competition/chinaskills_cloud_iaas_v2.0.1.iso
[root@controller ~]# curl -O http://mirrors.douxuedu.com/competition/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /opt/{centos7-2009,iaas}
[root@controller ~]# mount /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso /mnt/
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@controller ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /opt/centos7-2009/
[root@controller ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@controller ~]# mount /root/chinaskills_cloud_iaas_v2.0.1.iso /mnt/
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@controller ~]# cp -r /mnt/* /opt/iaas/
[root@controller ~]# umount /mnt/
配置controller节点Yum安装源文件yum.repo,指向本地文件目录路径。
[root@controller ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /media/
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
[centos]
name=centos7-2009
baseurl=file:///opt/centos7-2009
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[openstack]
name=openstack-train
baseurl=file:///opt/iaas/iaas-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@controller ~]# yum clean all && yum repolist
…
repo id repo name status
centos centos7-2009 4,070
openstack openstack-train 953
repolist: 5,023
在controller节点使用Yum安装vsftpd服务,并将/opt目录下的文件共享出去。
[root@controller ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
…
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7
Complete!
[root@controller ~]# echo "anon_root=/opt" >> /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
配置compute节点Yum安装源文件yum.repo,指向controller节点的共享文件目录路径。
[root@compute ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /media/
[root@compute ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
[centos]
name=centos7-2009
baseurl=ftp://controller/centos7-2009
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[openstack]
name=openstack-train
baseurl=ftp://controller/iaas/iaas-repo
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@compute ~]# yum clean all && yum repolist
…
repo id repo name status
centos centos7-2009 4,070
openstack openstack-train 953
repolist: 5,023
(4)划分分区
在compute节点上的临时磁盘vdb中划分两个9G的分区。
[root@compute ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 40G 0 part /
vdb 253:16 0 20G 0 disk
vdc 253:32 0 1M 0 disk
[root@compute ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x64513eb0.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +9G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 9 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (18876416-41943039, default 18876416):
Using default value 18876416
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (18876416-41943039, default 41943039): +9G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 9 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x64513eb0
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 18876415 9437184 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 18876416 37750783 9437184 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@compute ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 40G 0 part /
vdb 253:16 0 20G 0 disk
├─vdb1 253:17 0 9G 0 part
└─vdb2 253:18 0 9G 0 part
vdc 253:32 0 1M 0 disk
完成基础环境部署后,就可以开始部署安装OpenStack云平台。
(1)配置环境变量
在controller节点和compute节点安装OpenStack云平台的安装脚本软件包。
[root@controller ~]# yum install -y openstack-iaas
…
Installed:
openstack-train.x86_64 0:v1.0.2-1.el7
Complete!
[root@compute ~]# yum install -y openstack-iaas
…
Installed:
openstack-train.x86_64 0:v1.0.2-1.el7
Complete!
在controller节点和compute节点配置环境变量文件/etc/openstack/openrc.sh,按“i”键进入openrc.sh编辑模式:
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/openstack/openrc.sh
脚本修改以下内容,配置完按ESC键输入:
:%s/^.\{1\}//
删除每行前1个字符,再按ESC键输入:wq保存退出 :
HOST_IP=192.168.200.12
HOST_PASS=Abc@1234 #controller节点root用户密码
HOST_NAME=controller
HOST_IP_NODE=192.168.200.21
HOST_PASS_NODE=Abc@1234 #compute节点root用户密码
HOST_NAME_NODE=compute
network_segment_IP=192.168.200.0/24
RABBIT_USER=openstack
RABBIT_PASS=000000
DB_PASS=000000
DOMAIN_NAME=demo
ADMIN_PASS=000000
DEMO_PASS=000000
KEYSTONE_DBPASS=000000
GLANCE_DBPASS=000000
GLANCE_PASS=000000
PLACEMENT_DBPASS=000000
PLACEMENT_PASS=000000
NOVA_DBPASS=000000
NOVA_PASS=000000
NEUTRON_DBPASS=000000
NEUTRON_PASS=000000
METADATA_SECRET=000000
INTERFACE_NAME=eth1 #云主机第二张网卡名称
Physical_NAME=provider
minvlan=1
maxvlan=1000
CINDER_DBPASS=000000
CINDER_PASS=000000
BLOCK_DISK=vdb1 #compute节点第一个分区名称
SWIFT_PASS=000000
OBJECT_DISK=vdb2 #compute节点第二个分区名称
STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP=192.168.200.21
(2)部署OpenStack云平台基础环境
在controller节点和compute节点都执行脚本iaas-pre-host.sh部署OpenStack云平台基础环境。完成后使用reboot命令重启虚拟机以生效配置。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-pre-host.sh
[root@compute ~]# iaas-pre-host.sh
(3)部署Mariadb数据库及Rabbit消息队列服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Mariadb数据库及Rabbit消息队列服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-mysql.sh
(4)部署Keystone服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Keystone服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-keystone.sh
(5)部署Glance服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Glance服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-glance.sh
(6)部署Nova服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Nova组件的控制服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-placement.sh
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-nova-controller.sh
执行完上面的脚本后,在compute节点执行脚本部署Nova组件的计算服务,这样就将compute节点的CPU、内存及磁盘资源添加到OpenStack云平台的资源池中了。
[root@compute ~]# iaas-install-nova-compute.sh
(7)部署Neutron服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Neutron组件的控制服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-neutron-controller.sh
在compute节点执行脚本部署Neutron组件的计算服务。
[root@compute ~]# iaas-install-neutron-compute.sh
(8)部署Dashboard服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Dashboard组件服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-dashboard.sh
安装完成后,使用Google浏览器访问OpenStack云平台,访问地址为:http://192.168.100.10/dashboard,domain为demo,User name(用户名)为admin,Password(密码)为000000。结果如图1所示。
图1 OpenStack云平台dashboard访问1
在页面上方菜单栏单击用户admin下拉菜单,选择“Settings”选项,在跳转页面的User Settings下,将Language这只为简体中文,Timezone设置为上海时区,如图2所示。
图2 设置简体中文
设置完成后返回云平台首页如图3所示。
图3 OpenStack云平台dashboard访问2
(9)部署Cinder服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Cinder组件的控制服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-cinder-controller.sh
controller节点脚本执行完成后,在compute节点执行脚本部署Cinder组件的计算服务。
[root@compute ~]# iaas-install-cinder-compute.sh
(10)部署Swift服务
在controller节点执行脚本部署Swift组件的控制服务。
[root@controller ~]# iaas-install-swift-controller.sh
controller节点脚本执行完成后,在compute节点执行脚本部署Swift组件的计算服务。
[root@compute ~]# iaas-install-swift-compute.sh
(1)上传镜像
在controller节点上传cirros镜像。
[root@controller ~]# source /etc/keystone/admin-openrc.sh
[root@controller ~]# glance image-create --name cirros --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare < /opt/iaas/images/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2022-02-16T02:58:23Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| id | 76ce1b38-b1fa-465c-947f-288ea4760761 |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros |
| os_hash_algo | sha512 |
| os_hash_value | 1b03ca1bc3fafe448b90583c12f367949f8b0e665685979d95b004e48574b953316799e23240f4f7 |
| | 39d1b5eb4c4ca24d38fdc6f4f9d8247a2bc64db25d6bbdb2 |
| os_hidden | False |
| owner | 1ac0739939db4dc78bf42802ba0205e9 |
| protected | False |
| size | 13287936 |
| status | active |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2022-02-16T02:58:24Z |
| virtual_size | Not available |
| visibility | shared |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
(2)创建网络
在controller节点使用OpenStack相关命令创建一个net网络。
[root@controller ~]# source /etc/keystone/admin-openrc.sh
[root@controller ~]# openstack network create net --mtu 1350
[root@controller ~]# openstack subnet create --network net --subnet-range 10.0.0.0/24 --gateway 10.0.0.1 subnet
1. 创建镜像
(1)下载CirrOS镜像文件
CirrOS是一个极小的云操作系统,可以使用这个小的操作系统来进行Glance服务组件的操作练习。将提供的cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img镜像上传到controller节点的root目录下面。
[root@controller ~]# curl -O http://mirrors.douxuedu.com/newcloud/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img
[root@controller ~]# ls
…
cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img
将镜像上传至controller节点后,通过file命令查看镜像文件信息。
[root@controller ~]# file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img
cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img: QEMU QCOW Image (v2), 41126400 bytes
(2)创建镜像
通过命令创建镜像,命令的格式如下:
[root@controller ~]# glance help image-create
usage: glance image-create [--architecture <ARCHITECTURE>]
[--protected [True|False]] [--name <NAME>]
[--instance-uuid <INSTANCE_UUID>]
[--min-disk <MIN_DISK>] [--visibility <VISIBILITY>]
[--kernel-id <KERNEL_ID>]
[--tags <TAGS> [<TAGS> ...]]
[--os-version <OS_VERSION>]
[--disk-format <DISK_FORMAT>]
[--os-distro <OS_DISTRO>] [--id <ID>]
[--owner <OWNER>] [--ramdisk-id <RAMDISK_ID>]
[--min-ram <MIN_RAM>]
[--container-format <CONTAINER_FORMAT>]
[--property <key=value>] [--file <FILE>]
[--progress]
参数说明:
● --disk-format:镜像格式。
● --container-format:镜像在其他项目中可见性。
● --progress:显示上传镜像的进度。
● --file:选择本地镜像文件。
● --name:上传后镜像的名称。
使用镜像cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img通过命令上传镜像至OpenStack中。
[root@controller ~]# source /etc/keystone/admin-openrc.sh
[root@controller ~]# glance image-create --name cirros-0.3.4 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --progress < cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img
[=============================>] 100%
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2022-02-10T03:15:29Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| id | 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284 |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros-0.3.4 |
| os_hash_algo | sha512 |
| os_hash_value | f0fd1b50420dce4ca382ccfbb528eef3a38bbeff00b54e95e3876b9bafe7ed
2d6f919ca35d9046d4 |
| | 37c6d2d8698b1174a335fbd66035bb3edc525d2cdb187232 |
| os_hidden | False |
| owner | 1776912d52a7444d8b2d09eb86e8d1d9 |
| protected | False |
| size | 13267968 |
| status | active |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2022-02-10T03:15:29Z |
| virtual_size | Not available |
| visibility | shared |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
(1)查看镜像
通过命令可以在OpenStack平台中查看当前Glance中所上传的镜像名称。具体命令如下:
[root@controller ~]# glance image-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------+
| ID | Name |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+
| 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284 | cirros-0.3.4 |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+
也可以使用命令查看镜像的详细信息。具体命令如下:
[root@controller ~]# glance image-show 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2022-02-10T03:15:29Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| id | 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284 |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros-0.3.4 |
| os_hash_algo | sha512 |
| os_hash_value | f0fd1b50420dce4ca382ccfbb528eef3a38bbeff00b54e95e3876b9bafe7ed2d
6f919ca35d9046d4 |
| | 37c6d2d8698b1174a335fbd66035bb3edc525d2cdb187232 |
| os_hidden | False |
| owner | 1776912d52a7444d8b2d09eb86e8d1d9 |
| protected | False |
| size | 13267968 |
| status | active |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2022-02-10T03:15:29Z |
| virtual_size | Not available |
| visibility | shared |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
(2)修改镜像
可以使用glance image-update更新镜像信息,命令的格式如下:
[root@controller ~]# glance help image-update
usage: glance image-update [--architecture <ARCHITECTURE>]
[--protected [True|False]] [--name <NAME>]
[--instance-uuid <INSTANCE_UUID>]
[--min-disk <MIN_DISK>] [--visibility <VISIBILITY>]
[--kernel-id <KERNEL_ID>]
[--os-version <OS_VERSION>]
[--disk-format <DISK_FORMAT>]
[--os-distro <OS_DISTRO>] [--owner <OWNER>]
[--ramdisk-id <RAMDISK_ID>] [--min-ram <MIN_RAM>]
[--container-format <CONTAINER_FORMAT>]
[--property <key=value>] [--remove-property key]
<IMAGE_ID>
参数说明:
● --min-disk:镜像启动最小硬盘大小。
● --name:镜像名称。
● --disk-format:镜像格式。
● --min-ram:镜像启动最小内存大小。
● --container-format:镜像在项目中可见性。
如果需要改变镜像启动硬盘最低要求值(min-disk)1G,min-disk默认单位为G。使用glance image-update更新镜像信息操作如下:
[root@controller ~]# glance image-update --min-disk=1 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2022-02-10T03:15:29Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| id | 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284 |
| min_disk | 1 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros-0.3.4 |
| os_hash_algo | sha512 |
| os_hash_value | f0fd1b50420dce4ca382ccfbb528eef3a38bbeff00b54e95e3876b9bafe7ed
2d6f919ca35d9046d4 |
| | 37c6d2d8698b1174a335fbd66035bb3edc525d2cdb187232 |
| os_hidden | False |
| owner | 1776912d52a7444d8b2d09eb86e8d1d9 |
| protected | False |
| size | 13267968 |
| status | active |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2022-02-10T03:16:59Z |
| virtual_size | Not available |
| visibility | shared |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
也可以使用命令更新镜像启动内存最低要求值(min-ram)为1G,min-ram默认单位为M。使用glance image-update更新镜像信息操作如下:
[root@controller ~]# glance image-update --min-ram=1024 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2022-02-10T03:15:29Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| id | 32a2513c-e5ba-438b-a5ee-63c35c03b284 |
| min_disk | 1 |
| min_ram | 1024 |
| name | cirros-0.3.4 |
| os_hash_algo | sha512 |
| os_hash_value | f0fd1b50420dce4ca382ccfbb528eef3a38bbeff00b54e95e3876b9bafe7ed2
d6f919ca35d9046d4 |
| | 37c6d2d8698b1174a335fbd66035bb3edc525d2cdb187232 |
| os_hidden | False |
| owner | 1776912d52a7444d8b2d09eb86e8d1d9 |
| protected | False |
| size | 13267968 |
| status | active |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2022-02-10T03:17:21Z |
| virtual_size | Not available |
| visibility | shared |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
(3)删除镜像
可以使用glance image-delete删除上传至OpenStack平台中的镜像,使用命令格式如下:
[root@controller ~]# glance help image-delete
usage: glance image-delete <IMAGE_ID> [<IMAGE_ID> ...]
Delete specified image.
Positional arguments:
<IMAGE_ID> ID of image(s) to delete.
Run `glance --os-image-api-version 1 help image-delete` for v1 help