2.18通过字符设备驱动分步注册过程实现LED驱动的编写，编写应用程序测试

应用程序：

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/ioctl.h>
#include"myled.h"


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int a,b;
    int fd=open("/dev/myled0",O_RDWR);
    if(fd<0)
    {
        printf("打开设备文件失败\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    while(1)
    {
        //从终端读取
        printf("请输入要实现的功能\n");
        printf("0(关灯) 1(开灯)\n");
        printf("请输入>");
        scanf("%d",&a);
        printf("请输入要控制的灯\n");
        printf("1(LED1) 2(LED2) 3(LED3)\n");
        printf("请输入>");
        scanf("%d",&b);
        switch(a)
        {
            case 1:
                ioctl(fd,LED_ON,&b);
                break;
            case 0:
                ioctl(fd,LED_OFF,&b);
                break;
        }
    }

    
    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

头文件：

#ifndef __HEAD_H__
#define __HEAD_H__ 
typedef struct{
    unsigned int MODER;
    unsigned int OTYPER;
    unsigned int OSPEEDR;
    unsigned int PUPDR;
    unsigned int IDR;
    unsigned int ODR;
}gpio_t;
#define PHY_LED1_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_LED2_ADDR    0X50007000
#define PHY_LED3_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR    0X50000A28
 
//构建功能码
#define LED_ON _IOW('l',1,int)  
#define LED_OFF _IOW('l',0,int)
#endif 

驱动程序：

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include "myled.h"
struct cdev *cdev;
char kbuf[128]={0};
unsigned int major=0;//主设备号
unsigned int minor=0;//次设备号
dev_t devno;
struct class *cls;
struct device *dev;
gpio_t *vir_led1;
gpio_t *vir_led2;
gpio_t *vir_led3;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;
//封装操作方法
//定义操作方法对象并初始化
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *lof)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    unsigned long ret;
    // 向用户空间读取拷贝
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf)) // 用户空间期待读取的大小内核满足不了，那就给内核支持的最大大小
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    ret = copy_to_user(ubuf, kbuf, size);
    if (ret) // 拷贝失败
    {
        printk("copy_to_user filed\n");
        return ret;
    }
    return 0;
}
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *lof)
{
    unsigned long ret;
    // 从用户空间读取数据
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf)) // 用户空间期待读取的大小内核满足不了，那就给内核支持的最大大小
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    ret = copy_from_user(kbuf, ubuf, size);
    if (ret) // 拷贝失败
    {
        printk("copy_to_user filed\n");
        return ret;
    }
    return 0;
}

long mycdev_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    int wh;
    int ret=copy_from_user(&wh,(void *)arg,4);
    if(ret)//拷贝失败
    {
        printk("copy_from_user filed\n");
        return ret;
    }
    switch(cmd)
    {
        case LED_ON:
        switch(wh)
        {
            case 1:
             vir_led1->ODR |= (1<<10);
             break;
            case 2:
             vir_led2->ODR |= (1<<10);
             break;
            case 3:
             vir_led3->ODR |= (1<<8);
             break;
        } 
            break;
        case LED_OFF:
            switch(wh)
        {
            case 1:
              vir_led1->ODR &= (~(1<<10));
             break;
            case 2:
              vir_led2->ODR &= (~(1<<10));
             break;
            case 3:
              vir_led3->ODR &= (~(1<<8));
             break;
        } 
            break;
    }
    return 0;
}

int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

int all_led_init(void)
{
    //寄存器地址的映射
    vir_led1=ioremap(PHY_LED1_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led1==NULL)
    {
        printk("ioremap filed:%d\n",__LINE__);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
     vir_led2=ioremap(PHY_LED2_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led2==NULL)
    {
        printk("ioremap filed:%d\n",__LINE__);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
     vir_led3=vir_led1;
    vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
    if(vir_rcc==NULL)
    {
        printk("ioremap filed:%d\n",__LINE__);
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("物理地址映射成功\n");
    //寄存器的初始化
    //rcc
    (*vir_rcc) |= (3<<4);
    //led1
    vir_led1->MODER &= (~(3<<20));
    vir_led1->MODER |= (1<<20);
    vir_led1->ODR &= (~(1<<10));
    //led2
    vir_led2->MODER &= (~(3<<20));
    vir_led2->MODER |= (1<<20);
    vir_led2->ODR &= (~(1<<10));
    //led3
    vir_led3->MODER &= (~(3<<16));
    vir_led1->MODER |= (1<<16);
    vir_led1->ODR &= (~(1<<8));
    printk("寄存器初始化成功\n");

    return 0;
}
// 定义操作方法结构体变量并赋值
struct file_operations fops = {

    .open = mycdev_open,
    .read = mycdev_read,
    .write = mycdev_write,
    .unlocked_ioctl=mycdev_ioctl,
    .release = mycdev_close,
};
static int __init mycdev_init(void)
{
int ret;
 //1.申请字符设备驱动对象空间
 cdev=cdev_alloc();
 if(cdev==NULL)
 {
    return -EFAULT;
 }
 printk("字符设备驱动对象申请成功\n");
 //2.初始化字符设备驱动对象
 cdev_init(cdev,&fops);
 //3.申请设备号
 if(major==0)//动态申请
 {
    ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,minor,3,"myled");
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("动态申请设备号失败\n");
        goto out1;
    }
    //为了统一和静态申请设备号的操作
    major=MAJOR(devno);
    minor=MINOR(devno);
 }
 else//静态指定
 {
    ret=register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),3,"myled");
     if(ret)
    {
        printk("静态申请设备号失败\n");
        goto out1;
    }
 }
 printk("设备号申请成功\n");
 //4.注册驱动 
 ret= cdev_add(cdev,MKDEV(major,minor),3);
 if(ret)
 {
    printk("注册驱动失败\n");
    goto out2;
 }  
  printk("注册驱动成功\n");
 //5.向上提交目录
 cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"led");
 if(IS_ERR(cls))
 {
    printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
    ret=-PTR_ERR(cls);
    goto out3;
 }
 printk("向上提交目录成功\n");
 //6.向上提交设备节点
 int i;
 for(i=0;i<3;i++)
 {
    dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,i),NULL,"myled%d",i);
    if(IS_ERR(dev))
 {
    printk("向上提交设备信息失败\n");
    ret=-PTR_ERR(dev);
    goto out4;
 }
 }
 printk("向上提交设备信息成功\n");

 //寄存器映射以及初始化
    all_led_init();

    return 0;
out4:
//销毁提交成功的设备信息
    for(--i;i>=0;i--)
    {
        device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
    }
    //销毁目录
    class_destroy(cls);
out3:
    cdev_del(cdev);
out2:
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),3);
out1:
    kfree(cdev);
    return ret;
}


static void __exit mycdev_exit(void)
{
    //取消地址映射
    iounmap(vir_led1);
    iounmap(vir_led2);
    iounmap(vir_rcc);
    //1.释放设备信息
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,i));
    }
    //2.销毁目录
    class_destroy(cls);
    //3.注销驱动对象
    cdev_del(cdev);
    //4.释放设备号
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major,minor),3);
    //5.释放对象空间
    kfree(cdev);

}
module_init(mycdev_init);
module_exit(mycdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

效果图：