使用Kubernetes部署Kubernetes集群

Kubernetes集群环境搭建

环境

主机	IP地址	组件
master	192.168.89.151	docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet
node1	192.168.89.10	docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet
node2	192.168.89.20	docker，kubectl，kubeadm，kubelet

本次环境搭建需要安装三台Linux系统（一主二从），内置centos7.5系统，然后在每台linux中分别安装docker。kubeadm（1.25.4），kubelet（1.25.4），kubelet（1.25.4）

一、主机安装
安装虚拟机过程中注意下面选项的设置：
1、操作系统环境：cpu2个 内存2G 硬盘50G centos7+
2、语言：中文简体/英文
3、软件选择：基础设施服务器
4、分区选择：自动分区/手动分区
5、网络配置：按照下面配置网络地址信息
网络地址：192.168.89.（151、10、20）
子网掩码：255.255.255.0
默认网关：192.168.89.2
DNS：8.8.8.8
6、主机名设置：
Master节点：master
Node节点：node1
Node节点：node2

一、环境初始化

---

1、查看操作系统的版本

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release                //此方式下安装kubernetes集群要求Centos版本要在7.5或之上
CentOS Stream release 8       
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop postfix       //三台都关闭
Failed to stop postfix.service: Unit postfix.service not loaded.

2、主机名解析

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.89.151  master.example.com     master
192.168.89.10   node1.example.com      node1
192.168.89.20   node2.example.com      node2

[root@master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.89.10:/etc/hosts
root@192.168.89.10's password:
hosts                                                                                                                                 100%  294   192.5KB/s   00:00
[root@master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.89.20:/etc/hosts
root@192.168.89.20's password:
hosts                                                                                                                                 100%  294   164.0KB/s   00:00


//关闭三台主机防火墙
[root@master ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2022-11-17 15:04:46 CST; 1min 12s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@master ~]# getenforce
Permissive

3、时钟同步

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
# Serve time even if not synchronized to a time source.
local stratum 10                                       //将此行的#去掉
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart chronyd.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable chronyd.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.
[root@master ~]# hwclock -w


[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server master.example.com  iburst
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@node1 ~]# hwclock -w

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server master.example.com  iburst
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd
[root@node2 ~]# hwclock -w

4、禁用swap分区

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0               //注释掉swap分区那一行
[root@master ~]# swapoff -a

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0 
[root@node1 ~]# swapoff -a

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/cs-swap     none                    swap    defaults        0 0
[root@node2 ~]# swapoff -a

5、开启IP转发，和修改内核信息—三个节点都需要配置

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@master ~]# modprobe   br_netfilter
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1


[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@node1 ~]# modprobe   br_netfilter
[root@node1 ~]# sysctl -p  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1


[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@node2 ~]# modprobe   br_netfilter
[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

6、配置IPVS功能（三个节点都做）

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
[root@master ~]# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@master ~]# bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@master ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 172032  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          172032  2 nf_nat,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c              16384  5 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,nf_tables,xfs,ip_vs
[root@master ~]# reboot


[root@node1 ~]#  vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
[root@node1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node1 ~]# bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node1 ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 172032  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          172032  3 nf_nat,nft_ct,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c              16384  5 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,nf_tables,xfs,ip_vs
[root@node1 ~]# reboot

[root@node2 ~]#  vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
[root@node2 ~]# chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node2 ~]# bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
[root@node2 ~]# lsmod | grep -e ip_vs
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs                 172032  6 ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_wrr
nf_conntrack          172032  3 nf_nat,nft_ct,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         20480  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c              16384  5 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,nf_tables,xfs,ip_vs
[root@node2 ~]# reboot

二、安装docker

---

1、切换镜像源（三个节点都做）

[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# dnf -y install epel-release         
[root@master yum.repos.d]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo      //三个节点都要下载镜像源

2、安装docker-ce（三个节点都做）

[root@master yum.repos.d]# dnf -y install docker-ce --allowerasing
[root@master ~]#  systemctl restart docker
[root@master ~]#  systemctl enable docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@master ~]#

3、添加一个配置文件，配置docker仓库加速器（三个节点都做）

[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
> {
>   "registry-mirrors": ["https://14lrk6zd.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
>   "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
>   "log-driver": "json-file",
>   "log-opts": {
>     "max-size": "100m"
>   },
>   "storage-driver": "overlay2"
> }
> EOF
[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker

三、安装kubernetes组件

---

1、切换成国内的镜像源

[root@master ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
> [kubernetes]
> name=Kubernetes
> baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
> enabled=1
> gpgcheck=0
> repo_gpgcheck=0
> gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
> EOF
[root@master ~]#

2、安装kubeadm kubelet kubectl工具（三个节点都做）

[root@master ~]# dnf  -y  install kubeadm  kubelet  kubectl
[root@master ~]# systemctl  restart  kubelet
[root@master ~]# systemctl  enable  kubelet
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@master ~]#

3、配置containerd（三个节点都做）

[root@master ~]# containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/containerd/config.toml
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6"
[root@master ~]# systemctl   restart  containerd
[root@master ~]# systemctl   enable  containerd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
[root@master ~]#

4、部署k8s的master节点（在master节点运行）

[root@master ~]# kubeadm init \
>   --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.89.151 \
>   --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
>   --kubernetes-version v1.25.4 \
>   --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
>   --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.89.151:6443 --token jpgc9j.w22gtd12wedzp3km \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b4d942684d920d03d4f5646f9876117bfeeee2c06f90b871a35980ab7fefa6fa
[root@master ~]#

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/kuber.sh
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
[root@master ~]# source /etc/profile.d/kuber.sh

5、安装pod网络插件

[root@master ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
namespace/kube-flannel created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created

6、将node节点加入k8s集群

[root@node1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.89.151:6443 --token jpgc9j.w22gtd12wedzp3km \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b4d942684d920d03d4f5646f9876117bfeeee2c06f90b871a35980ab7fefa6fa
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

[root@node1 ~]#



[root@node2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.89.151:6443 --token jpgc9j.w22gtd12wedzp3km \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b4d942684d920d03d4f5646f9876117bfeeee2c06f90b871a35980ab7fefa6fa
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

[root@node2 ~]#

7、创建pod，运行nginx容器进行测试

[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-76d6c9b8c-sfb7x   0/1     Pending   0          13s
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port 80 --type NodePort
service/nginx exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE                NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-76d6c9b8c-sfb7x   1/1     Running   0          4m53s   10.244.1.3   node1.example.com   <none>           <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get services
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        122m
nginx        NodePort    10.109.89.19   <none>        80:30656/TCP   5m13s

浏览器访问

8、修改默认网页

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it pod/nginx-76d6c9b8c-sfb7x -- /bin/bash
root@nginx-76d6c9b8c-sfb7x:/# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
root@nginx-76d6c9b8c-sfb7x:/usr/share/nginx/html# echo "xiaoyi" > index.html
root@nginx-76d6c9b8c-sfb7x:/usr/share/nginx/html#