Java实现文件复制

1. IO流分类

• 根据数据的流向分为输入流和输出流。
• 根据数据的单位分为字节流和字符流。
• 根据数据的角色分为节点流和处理流。
  

2. 使用字节流实现文件复制

字节流可以对文本文件和非文本文件进行处理，但使用字节流读取字符在控制台打印出来可能会造成乱码。

        FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
        try {
            File file = new File("d:\\hi.txt");
            File file1 = new File("d:\\hi1.txt");
            fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
            fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file1);
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
                    fileOutputStream.write(buf,0,len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fileInputStream != null) {
                try {
                    fileInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fileOutputStream != null) {
                try {
                    fileOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

3. 使用缓冲流提升效率

缓冲流就是在内存开辟一片缓冲区，把读取的数据缓存起来，等缓存满了再把数据写到文件中，减少磁盘IO的次数，提高效率。

        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = null;
        try {
            File file = new File("d:\\001.png");
            File file1 = new File("d:\\002.png");
            //节点流
            FileInputStream  fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
            FileOutputStream  fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file1);
            //处理流
            bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
            bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
            //读取并写入文件
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024*1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = bufferedInputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
                    bufferedOutputStream.write(buf,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println("文件复制成功！");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 关闭流资源
            if (bufferedInputStream != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bufferedOutputStream != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }

4. 封装文件复制类

把复制文件的操作封装成copy函数，复制文件夹的操作封装成copyDir函数，提高功能的复用性。

import java.io.*;

public class CopyFile {
    private int dirCount = 0;
    private int fileCount = 0;

    public int getDirCount() {
        return dirCount;
    }

    public int getFileCount() {
        return fileCount;
    }
    //复制文件
    public void copy(String srcPath, String desPath){
        File srcFile = new File(srcPath);
        File desFile = new File(desPath);
        //输入输出流
        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = null;
        try {
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(desFile);
            bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);
            bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
            //读取内容并写入新文件
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = bufferedInputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
               bufferedOutputStream.write(buf,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(srcFile.getName()+"成功复制到"+desFile.getParent());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭流资源
            if (bufferedInputStream != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bufferedOutputStream != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //复制文件夹
    public void copyDir(String srcPath,String desPath){
        File file = new File(srcPath);
        File desFile = new File(desPath);
        if (file.isDirectory()) {
            desFile.mkdir();
            File[] files = file.listFiles();
            for (File f : files) {
                if (f.isDirectory())
                {
                    dirCount++;
                    copyDir(srcPath+File.separator+f.getName(),desPath+File.separator+f.getName());
                }
                else{
                    fileCount++;
                    copy(srcPath+File.separator+f.getName(),desPath+File.separator+f.getName());
                }
            }
        }

    }


}

4.1 测试CopyFile类

测试复制文件夹功能。

        CopyFile copyFile = new CopyFile();
        copyFile.copyDir("d:\\test1","d:\\test2");
        System.out.println("总共："+copyFile.getDirCount()+"个文件夹，"+copyFile.getFileCount()+"个文件");

5. 总结

字符流只能来处理文本文件，字节流可以处理非文本文件和文本文件，但是不能很好读取文本文件。