智能停车系统是一种基于STM32微控制器的应用,它可以实现自动车库门的开关、车位的检测和停车位指示等功能。本教程将详细介绍如何使用STM32来开发智能停车系统,并提供相关的代码案例。
一、硬件准备 在开始之前,我们需要准备一些硬件设备,包括:
- STM32开发板(推荐使用STM32F4系列)
- LCD显示屏
- 超声波传感器
- LED灯
- 蜂鸣器
- 电机驱动模块(可选)
二、搭建硬件连接 将LCD显示屏、超声波传感器、LED灯和蜂鸣器连接到STM32开发板上。具体的连接方式可以参考开发板和模块的硬件说明文档。
三、编写代码 以下是一个简单的智能停车系统的代码示例:
#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#define LCD_RS_PIN GPIO_Pin_0
#define LCD_RW_PIN GPIO_Pin_1
#define LCD_E_PIN GPIO_Pin_2
#define LCD_D4_PIN GPIO_Pin_3
#define LCD_D5_PIN GPIO_Pin_4
#define LCD_D6_PIN GPIO_Pin_5
#define LCD_D7_PIN GPIO_Pin_6
#define TRIGGER_PIN GPIO_Pin_7
#define ECHO_PIN GPIO_Pin_8
void delay_us(uint32_t us) {
us *= 168; // Assuming 168MHz system clock
while (us--) {
asm("nop");
}
}
void lcd_write_data(uint8_t data) {
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, LCD_RS_PIN);
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, LCD_RW_PIN);
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, LCD_E_PIN);
GPIO_Write(GPIOB, (GPIO_ReadOutputData(GPIOB) & 0xFF00) | data);
delay_us(1);
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, LCD_E_PIN);
delay_us(1);
}
void lcd_write_command(uint8_t cmd) {
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, LCD_RS_PIN);
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, LCD_RW_PIN);
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, LCD_E_PIN);
GPIO_Write(GPIOB, (GPIO_ReadOutputData(GPIOB) & 0xFF00) | cmd);
delay_us(1);
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOB, LCD_E_PIN);
delay_us(1);
}
void lcd_init() {
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = LCD_RS_PIN | LCD_RW_PIN | LCD_E_PIN | LCD_D4_PIN | LCD_D5_PIN | LCD_D6_PIN | LCD_D7_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, LCD_RS_PIN);
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, LCD_RW_PIN);
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOB, LCD_E_PIN);
lcd_write_command(0x28); // 4-bit mode, 2 lines, 5x8 font
lcd_write_command(0x0C); // Display on, cursor off
lcd_write_command(0x06); // Increment cursor
lcd_write_command(0x01); // Clear display
}
void lcd_print(const char* str) {
while (*str) {
lcd_write_data(*str++);
}
}
void ultrasonic_init() {
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
RCC_AHB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHB1Periph_GPIOC, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_SYSCFG, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = TRIGGER_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;
GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_PinAFConfig(GPIOC, GPIO_PinSource7, GPIO_AF_TIM8);
TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_InitStruct;
TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OC_InitStruct;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_TIM8, ENABLE);
TIM_InitStruct.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
TIM_InitStruct.TIM_Period = 0xFFFF; // Maximum period
TIM_InitStruct.TIM_Prescaler = 168; // Assuming 168MHz system clock
TIM_InitStruct.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
TIM_InitStruct.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;
TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM8, &TIM_InitStruct);
TIM_OC_InitStruct.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
TIM_OC_InitStruct.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
TIM_OC_InitStruct.TIM_Pulse = 0;
TIM_OC_InitStruct.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
TIM_OC1Init(TIM8, &TIM_OC_InitStruct);
TIM_Cmd(TIM8, ENABLE);
}
void ultrasonic_trigger() {
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOC, TRIGGER_PIN);
delay_us(10);
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOC, TRIGGER_PIN);
}
uint32_t ultrasonic_get_distance() {
while (!GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOC, ECHO_PIN)) {}
TIM_SetCounter(TIM8, 0);
TIM_Cmd(TIM8, ENABLE);
while (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIOC, ECHO_PIN)) {}
TIM_Cmd(TIM8, DISABLE);
return TIM_GetCounter(TIM8) * 0.017; // Assuming speed of sound is 340 m/s
}
int main(void) {
lcd_init();
ultrasonic_init();
while (1) {
ultrasonic_trigger();
uint32_t distance = ultrasonic_get_distance();
lcd_write_command(0x80); // Set cursor to first line
lcd_print("Distance: ");
lcd_print(itoa(distance));
if (distance < 30) {
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_5); // Turn on LED
GPIO_SetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_6); // Turn on buzzer
} else {
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_5); // Turn off LED
GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOA, GPIO_Pin_6); // Turn off buzzer
}
delay_us(500000); // Delay for 0.5 seconds
}
}
以上代码示例实现了一个基本的智能停车系统功能,包括LCD显示屏的初始化和显示、超声波传感器的初始化和距离测量、LED灯和蜂鸣器的控制。通过超声波传感器测量距离,并根据距离来控制LED灯和蜂鸣器的开关。
四、总结 本教程详细介绍了如何使用STM32开发智能停车系统,并提供了相关代码示例。通过学习和使用这些示例代码,你可以快速入门STM32开发,并尝试实现更复杂的功能。希望这个教程对你有帮助!