决策树sy

# (1) 导入所需的库

import numpy as np

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn import preprocessing

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier, export_graphviz

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

import graphviz

# (2) 读取数据文件并进行数据清洗

train_data = pd.read_csv('train.csv')

test_data = pd.read_csv('test.csv')

# 统计缺失值并处理

print("Train Data Missing Values:")

print(train_data.isnull().sum())

print("\nTest Data Missing Values:")

print(test_data.isnull().sum())

# 处理缺失值

train_data = train_data.dropna()

test_data = test_data.dropna()

# (3) 将非数字的类别特征数字化

le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()

train_data['Sex'] = le.fit_transform(train_data['Sex'])

test_data['Sex'] = le.transform(test_data['Sex'])

# (4) 构造决策树模型，训练并评估模型

X = train_data[['Pclass', 'Sex', 'Age', 'SibSp', 'Parch', 'Fare']]

y = train_data['Survived']

X_train, X_val, y_train, y_val = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)

# 构建决策树模型

clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=3, random_state=42)

clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

# 评估模型

y_pred = clf.predict(X_val)

accuracy = accuracy_score(y_val, y_pred)

print("Decision Tree Accuracy:", accuracy)

# (5) 对测试数据集进行预测

test_X = test_data[['Pclass', 'Sex', 'Age', 'SibSp', 'Parch', 'Fare']]

test_data['Survived'] = clf.predict(test_X)

# (6) 决策树的可视化

dot_data = export_graphviz(clf, out_file=None, 

                           feature_names=X.columns,  

                           class_names=['Not Survived', 'Survived'],  

                           filled=True, rounded=True,  

                           special_characters=True)  

graph = graphviz.Source(dot_data)

graph.render('titanic_decision_tree', format='png')

# 生成客舱等级的生存率图

survival_by_pclass = train_data.groupby('Pclass')['Survived'].mean()

survival_by_pclass.plot(kind='bar', title='Survival Rate by Pclass')

plt.xlabel('Pclass')

plt.ylabel('Survival Rate')

plt.show()

# 年龄段的生存率图

age_bins = [0, 18, 30, 50, 100]

age_labels = ['0-18', '18-30', '30-50', '50+']

train_data['AgeGroup'] = pd.cut(train_data['Age'], bins=age_bins, labels=age_labels)

survival_by_age = train_data.groupby('AgeGroup')['Survived'].mean()

survival_by_age.plot(kind='bar', title='Survival Rate by Age Group')

plt.xlabel('Age Group')

plt.ylabel('Survival Rate')

plt.show()

# 父母子女数与生存率图

survival_by_parch = train_data.groupby('Parch')['Survived'].mean()

survival_by_parch.plot(kind='bar', title='Survival Rate by Parch')

plt.xlabel('Parch')

plt.ylabel('Survival Rate')

plt.show()

# 兄弟姐妹配偶与生存率图

survival_by_sibsp = train_data.groupby('SibSp')['Survived'].mean()

survival_by_sibsp.plot(kind='bar', title='Survival Rate by SibSp')

plt.xlabel('SibSp')

plt.ylabel('Survival Rate')

plt.show()