并列句

什么是并列句：用连词链接的两个句子

汉语的两个句子写成英语的一个句子有三种方法：1.独立主格   2.并列句   3.从句

i love u,u love that dog. x

i love u. u love that dog.

i loving u,u love that dog.

i loving u,but u love that dog.

although i love u,u love that dog.

常见的并列连词：

• 平行：and, not only......but also...
•             (副词与介词短语)  similarly (同样的)， equally(同样的) ，likewise(同样的)  ，at the same time , in the mean while
• 因果：for,  so
•              (副词与介词短语) thus , therefore , consequently , as a result
• 转折：but, yet, while, whereas(然而)
•           （副词与介词短语） however , nevertheless(然而，不过) , on the contrary
•                                            conversely(相反的） , unexpectedly , unfortunately , by contrast.
• 递进：then
•             (副词与介词短语)  besides , moreover , furthermore , additionally ,subsequently  (此外，而且，然后), in addition
• 选择：or
•           （副词与介词短语）alternatively

考点分析：

1.写作：只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系，就一定要用逻辑关系词（逻辑关系词包括连词，副词，介词和介词短语）

2.连词前有没有逗号都可以；如果是两个句子之间的逻辑可以用 介词或者介词短语，副词 等来充当逻辑连接词。

看见 曾经，已经 就用完成时

爱情早已经不在了，他还停留在过去。  evaporate        句子之间有逻辑关系就一定要用逻辑连接词

romance has evaporated ,but he still missed the past.

连词可以连接两个句子，介词短语不能连接两个句子。介词短语或者副词只能用来表示上下句之间的逻辑关系

romance has evaporated. on the contrary he still missed the past.

romance has evaporated and on the contrary he still missed the past.

romance has evaporated yet he still missed the past.

romance has evaporated while/whereas he still missed the past.

romance has evaporated.conversely,he still missed the past.

romance has evaporated and conversely he still missed the past.

romace has evaporated.unfortunately he still missed the past.

连词与其他逻辑关系词的区别在于：连词前面有无逗号都可，而其他的逻辑联系词如副词，介词和介词短语，前面要么加句号，要么加and。

有朋自远方来不亦乐乎。     有朋友从远方来 所以 很高兴

there exists   a friend  coming from the distance , so  it's worth to be happy.

company  公司 伙伴 朋友  

 

more than + adj/adv 翻译成 很 very

一个句子如果缺少主语：1.it  2. there be 3.被动 4.代词

可数名词不能单独出现 必须加 a/an/the 或者变为复数形式

两句话有逻辑关系一定要用逻辑连接词

there remain an army of companies coming from afar ,and consequently i am more than delighted.

都说我如水百变，其实我清澈不变。       but yet while whereas         however    by contrast   on the contrary

i am claimed changeable like water  .   by contrast,my clarity keeps consistent.

i am claimed changeable like water    .        on the contrary, my clarity keeps consistent.

i am claimed changeable like water . conversely, my clarity keeps consistent.

还记得那天吗？ 我没有通过四级考试，独自一人在雨中哭泣，你走向我，拍着我的肩膀告诉我，人生没有终点。

remember --------- keep sth in mind

do u still remember that day?  i failed to pass cet4.as a result,i shed tears in the rain.x

do u still keep that day in mind? i failed to pass cet4,and as a result , i shed tears in the rain alone. consequently,you come up to me,beating my shoulder and told me "there exist no destination in life".

do u still keep that day in mind? i failed to pass cet4,and as a result,i shed tears in the rain alone.and in the mean while,u came up to me,and subsequently  u beat my shoulder,and tell me " there exist no destination in life"

do u still keep that day in mind?

i failed to pass cet4.consequently i shed tears in the rain alone.

i failed to pass cet4, and consequently i shed tears in the rain alone.

i failed to pass cet4,so i shed tears in the rain alone.

i failed to pass cet4.as a result , i shed tears in the rain.

i failed to pass cet4, and as a result, i shed tears in the rain.

at the same time / in the meanwhile  u came up to me,and subsequently u beat my should and told me "***"

3.在长难句分析的时候只要有并列连词的出现，一般都会有省略情况的出现，翻译的时候先把省略的部分补充上再做翻译。

分析长难句的第二步就是找连词

长难句分析的时候先找主句的谓语动词，然后再找连词，因为长难句一般都涉及到句子成分的省略

一句话只要有省略就一定在连词后不在连词前，所以连词后面有的成分连词前面一定有

连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分便是省略的内容

i was beaten and you.

i was beaten and you were beaten.  省略了内容

i love a and b.

my mother and father .....

u are beautiful and smart

这样的连词不找。  当连词在连接两个单词的时候这个连词就装作没看见

under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence (this requires) the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

the data suggest , for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and  pursued romantically.

physical attractive individuals               pursue         centralize    adj集中的     vary v变化   varying     operational research expert操作研究专家                   

peculiar  = odd = weird     adj奇怪的            

special                              adj 特别的

particularly                        adv 尤其

specific                             adj具体的

there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research technique appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

直到我们解决这些问题，行为技术将继续被拒绝，伴随着行为技术很可能的是唯一能解决我们的问题的方法也将被继续拒绝

 darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes  for pictures or music was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

moral character 道德品质

be convinced that 认为

be injurious to 对..造成伤害

intellect 智商

 

并列句的省略现象：

英语讲究结构美，一般并列句后面的句子要省略掉重复的内容。

1.省略主谓

he is not only a nice teacher in class but a nice friend to his students in private.

2.省略be动词

并列句前后主语不同，但是几个句子有相同的be动词，此时可以省略be动词

3.省略主语（前后主语一致，省略连词后面的主语）

he is rich,but leads a modest life.         

4.省略重复的成分

 as families move away from their stable community,their firends of many years,and their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

as 一般按照句意翻译  伴随，随着，当什么什么的时候

family  家庭，家人，具体语境具体分析

介词短语+n+定语

状语在句子末尾，但是翻译的时候一般翻译到句首

 

and not only but also

similarly equally likewise        in the mean while       at the same time

but  while whereas

on the contrary    by contrast       however    nevertheless    conversely   unfortunately   unexpectedly

for so

thus   therefore   consequently   as a result

then

besides  additionally        furthermore  moreover

subsequently 进而     consequently 因此     conversely 相反地           moreover   furthermore   additionally  in addition 另外