某农业大学第七次实验（多态性）

1.

函数模版及函数重载 【问题描述】 编写一个函数模版，能够处理整数、实数、串类对象的大小比较，返回两个值中的最小者。为了能够处理字符数组存储的字符串的大小比较，则需要使用函数重载的形式。为了能够处理串类对象的大小比较，则需要对串类实现关系运算符'>'或'<'的重载。 主函数如下，请勿修改： int main() {   int x,y;   double a,b;   char c1[20],c2[20],c3[20],c4[20];   cin>>x>>y;   cout<<Min(x,y)<<endl;   cin>>a>>b;   cout<<Min(a,b)<<endl;   cin>>c1>>c2;   cout<<Min(c1,c2)<<endl;   cin>>c3>>c4;   String s1(c3),s2(c4);   cout<<Min(s1,s2)<<endl;   return 0; } 【样例输入】 5 9 13.2 7.8 Zhang Helen Wang Jack 【样例输出】 5 7.8 Helen Jack

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class String
{
private:
	char *s;
public:
	String()
	{
		
	}
	String(const char *a)
	{
		s=new char[strlen(a)];
		strcpy(s,a);
	}
	friend bool operator<(const String &s1, const String &s2)
	{
		if(strcmp(s1.s, s2.s)<0)  return true;
    	else   return false;
	}
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream & out, String a)
	{
    	out << a.s << endl;
    	return out;
	}
};

double Min(double a,double b)
{
	if(a<b)	return a;
	else return b;
}

char *Min(char *a,char *b)
{
	return strcmp(a,b)<0? a:b;
}

template<typename T>
T Min(T a, T b)
{
    return a<b? a:b;
}

int main()
{
  int x,y;
  double a,b;
  char c1[20],c2[20],c3[20],c4[20];

  cin>>x>>y;
  cout<<Min(x,y)<<endl;
  cin>>a>>b;
  cout<<Min(a,b)<<endl;
  cin>>c1>>c2;
  cout<<Min(c1,c2)<<endl;
  cin>>c3>>c4;
  String s1(c3),s2(c4);
  cout<<Min(s1,s2)<<endl;
  return 0;
}

2.

学生类模板 【问题描述】 定义一个模板类Student，为了增强类的适用性，将学号设计为参数化类型，它可以实例化成字符串、长整形等；将成绩设计为参数化类型，它可以实例化成整形、浮点型、字符型（用来表示等级分）等。 template<class TNo, class TScore, int num>//TNo和TScore为参数化类型 class Student{ private: TNo StudentID; //参数化类型，存储姓名 TScore score[num]; //参数化类型数组，存储num门课程的分数 public: void Input();//数据的录入 TScore MaxScore();     //查找score的最大值并返回该值 void Update(TScore sscore,int i);//更新学生的第i门课程成绩为sscore void SelectSort();      //采用选择排序法对学生成绩进行升序排列 void Print();           //输出所有学生的信息 }; 请注意String是自定义的class类型，参考如下： class String{ public: char Str[20]; friend istream &operator>>(istream &in, String &s); friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, String &s); }; 请自行设计主函数，并做如下声明。从键盘依次录入数据，然后分别调用四个成员函数执行得到所需的结果。 Student<String,float,3>; 【输入形式】 【输出形式】 【样例输入1】 zhao 82.5 96.3 73.5 2 74.5 【样例输出1】 96.3 zhao 74.5 82.5 96.3 【样例输入2】 ma 10 20 30 1 50 【样例输出2】 50 ma 10 30 50 【样例输入3】 zhang 82.3 50.5 92.1 1 62.3 【样例输出3】 92.1 zhang 62.3 82.3 92.1 【样例说明】 【评分标准】

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class String {
public:
    char Str[20];

    friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, String& s) {
        in >> s.Str;
        return in;
    }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const String& s) {
        out << s.Str;
        return out;
    }
};

template<class TNo, class TScore, int num>
class Student {
private:
    TNo StudentID;
    TScore score[num];

public:
    void Input() {
        cin >> StudentID;
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            cin >> score[i];
        }
    }

    TScore MaxScore() {
        TScore max = score[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < num; i++) {
            if (score[i] > max) {
                max = score[i];
            }
        }
        return max;
    }

    void Update(TScore sscore, int i) {
        if (i >= 0 && i < num) {
            score[i] = sscore;
            
        }
    }

    void SelectSort() {
        for (int i = 0; i < num - 1; i++) {
            int minIndex = i;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < num; j++) {
                if (score[j] < score[minIndex]) {
                    minIndex = j;
                }
            }
            if (minIndex != i) {
                TScore temp = score[i];
                score[i] = score[minIndex];
                score[minIndex] = temp;
            }
        }
    }

    void Print() {
        cout << StudentID;
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            cout << " " << score[i];
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Student<String, float, 3> student;
	
    student.Input();
    

    float newScore;
    int courseIndex;
    cin >> courseIndex >> newScore;
    student.Update(newScore, courseIndex);
	cout << student.MaxScore() << endl;
    student.SelectSort();
    student.Print();

    return 0;
}

3.

二进制类（运算符号的重载） 【问题描述】将一个16位二进制数表示成0和1的字符序列，即用一个字符数组来存放这个二进制数。在这个类中设置两个构造函数，一个是传递整数参数的，另一个是传递字符串参数的。因为用户在创建对象时传递的二进制数，可能是以整数形式给出，也可能是以数字串形式给出，系统应该都能接受。另外有一个类型转换函数int()，用来将类类型向整型转换，即将二进制形式的类对象转换为整形数。两个重载运算符“+”，“-”，用来完成两个二进制数之间的加减运算。 class binary {    //定义二进制类    char bits[16];  //二进制字模数组 public:    binary(char *);   //字符串参数构造函数    binary(int);      //整型参数构造函数    friend binary operator +(binary,binary);   //重载“+”，友元函数    friend binary operator -(binary,binary);   //重载“-”，友元函数    operator int();  //类类型转换函数，成员函数    friend ostream & operator <<(ostream &out, binary &b);//重载“<<”，以二进制形式输出    void print();//以整型形式输出 }; 主函数设计如下，请勿修改： int main(){    binary n1="1011";    binary n2=int(n1)+15;    binary n3=n1-binary(7);    cout<<n1<<endl;    cout<<n2<<endl;    cout<<n3<<endl;    cout<<int(n2)+5<<endl;    n2=n2-binary(5);    n2.print();    n3=n3+binary(5);    n3.print();    cout<<int(n3)-5<<endl;    return 0; } 【样例输出】 0000000000001011 0000000000011010 0000000000000100 31 21 9 4

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
class binary {
	char bits[16];
public:
	binary(char *s);
	binary(int n);
	friend binary operator+(binary b1, binary b2);
	friend binary operator-(binary b1, binary b2);
	operator int();
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, binary &b);
	void print();
};
binary::binary(char *s)
{
	int i, size = strlen(s);
	for (i = 0; i < 16 - size; i++)
	{
		bits[i] = '0';
	}
	for (int j = 0; j < size; j++,i++)
	{
		bits[i] = s[j];
	}
}

binary::binary(int n)
{
	int re, i = 0;
	while (n != 0)
	{
		re = n % 2;
		bits[i++] = re + 48;
		n /= 2;
	}
	while (i<16)
	{
		bits[i++] = '0';
	}
	for (int k = 0, j = 15; k < j; k++, j--)
	{
		re = bits[k];
		bits[k] = bits[j];
		bits[j] = re;
	}
}

binary::operator int()
{
	int j = 0, ans = 0;
	for (int i = 15; i >= 0; i--,j++)
	{
		ans += (bits[i] - 48)*pow(2, j);
	}
	return ans;
}

void binary::print()
{
	cout << int(*this) << endl;
}

binary operator+(binary b1, binary b2)
{
	binary temp(int(b1)+int(b2));
	return temp;
}

binary operator-(binary b1, binary b2)
{
	binary temp(int(b1)-int(b2));
	return temp;
}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, binary & b)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
		out << b.bits[i];
	return out;
}

int main()
{
	binary n1 = const_cast<char*>("1011");
	binary n2 = int(n1) + 15;
	binary n3 = n1 - binary(7);
	cout << n1 << endl;
	cout << n2 << endl;
	cout << n3 << endl;
	cout << int(n2) + 5 << endl;
	n2 = n2 - binary(5);
	n2.print();
	n3 = n3 + binary(5);
	n3.print();
	cout << int(n3) - 5 << endl;
	return 0;
}

4.

时间类的改进（运算符重载） 【问题描述】对前面实验写过的Time类进行修改，删去Add和Sub成员函数，通过重载“+”、“-”运算符直接进行时间的加减运算。 提示： (1)可以用友元函数来实现“+”“-”运算符的重载。 (2)加法运算符可以是两个Time对象进行相加，也可以是一个表示秒数的int型数据加上一个Time对象，还可以是Time对象加上int型数据，得到的结果都是Time类型的对象。 (3)减法运算符可以是两个Time对象进行相减，也可以是Time对象减去一个表示秒数的int型数据，得到的结果都是Time类型的对象。 主函数设计如下，请勿修改： int main(){ Time t1(2,34),t2,t3; t2.SetTime(13,23,34); cout<<"t1+t2:"; t3=t1+t2;//两个Time类对象相加 t3.print_24(); cout<<"\nt1+65:"; t3=t1+65;//Time类对象加上65秒 t3.print_24(); cout<<"\n65+t1:"; t3=65+t1;//65秒加上Time类对象 t3.print_24(); cout<<"\nt2-t1:"; t3=t2-t1;//两个Time类对象相减 t3.print_24(); cout<<"\nt1-70:"; t3=t1-70;//Time类对象减去70秒 t3.print_24(); return 0; }  【样例输出】 t1+t2:15:57:34 t1+65:02:35:05 65+t1:02:35:05 t2-t1:10:49:34 t1-70:02:32:50

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Time
{
	int hour, minute, second;
public:
	int SecCalc() { return(hour * 60 + minute) * 60 + second; }
	Time(int h, int m, int s = 0);
	Time(int s = 0);
	void SetTime(int h = 0, int m = 0, int s = 0);
	void print_12();
	void print_24();
	Time operator+(Time &t);
	Time operator-(Time &t);
	Time operator+(int s);
	Time operator-(int s);
	friend Time operator+(int s,Time &t);
	friend Time operator-(int s, Time &t);
};
Time::Time(int h, int m, int s)
{
	hour = h;
	minute = m;
	second = s;
}
Time::Time(int s)
{
	hour = minute = second = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
	{
		second++;
		if (second == 60)
		{
			second = 0;
			minute++;
			if (minute == 60)
			{
				hour++;
				minute = 0;
			}
		}
	}
}
void Time::SetTime(int h, int m, int s)
{
	hour = h;
	minute = m;
	second = s;
}
void Time::print_12()
{
	bool afternoon = false;
	if (hour > 12)
	{
		if (hour - 12 < 10)
			cout << "0";
		cout << hour - 12 << ":";
		afternoon = true;
	}
	else
	{
		if (hour < 10)
			cout << "0";
		cout << hour << ":";
	}
	if (minute < 10)
		cout << "0";
	cout << minute << ":";
	if (second < 10)
		cout << "0";
	cout << second;
	if (afternoon)
		cout << " PM" << endl;
	else
		cout << " AM" << endl;
}
void Time::print_24()
{
	if (hour < 10)
		cout << "0";
	cout << hour << ":";
	if (minute < 10)
		cout << "0";
	cout << minute << ":";
	if (second < 10)
		cout << "0";
	cout << second << endl;
}
Time Time::operator+(Time & t)
{
	Time temp = *this;
	for (int i = 0; i < t.second; i++)
	{
		temp.second += 1;
		if (temp.second == 60)
		{
			temp.minute += 1;
			if (temp.minute == 60)
			{
				temp.hour += 1;
				temp.minute = 0;
			}
			temp.second = 0;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < t.minute; i++)
	{
		temp.minute += 1;
		if (temp.minute == 60)
		{
			temp.hour += 1;
			temp.minute = 0;
		}
	}
	temp.hour += t.hour;
	return temp;
}
Time Time::operator-(Time & t)
{
	Time temp = *this;
	temp.hour -= t.hour;
	for (int i = 0; i < t.minute; i++)
	{
		temp.minute -= 1;
		if (temp.minute < 0)
		{
			temp.hour -= 1;
			temp.minute = 59;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < t.second; i++)
	{
		temp.second -= 1;
		if (temp.second < 0)
		{
			temp.minute -= 1;
			if (temp.minute < 0)
			{
				temp.hour -= 1;
				temp.minute = 59;
			}
			temp.second = 59;
		}
	}
	return temp;
}
Time Time::operator+(int s)
{
	Time temp = *this;
	for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
	{
		temp.second += 1;
		if (temp.second == 60)
		{
			temp.minute += 1;
			if (temp.minute == 60)
			{
				temp.hour += 1;
				temp.minute = 0;
			}
			temp.second = 0;
		}
	}
	return temp;
}
Time Time::operator-(int s)
{
	Time temp = *this;
	for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
	{
		temp.second -= 1;
		if (temp.second < 0)
		{
			temp.minute -= 1;
			if (temp.minute < 0)
			{
				temp.hour -= 1;
				temp.minute = 59;
			}
			temp.second = 59;
		}
	}
	return temp;
}
Time operator+(int s, Time & t)
{
	return t + s;
}
Time operator-(int s, Time & t)
{
	return t - s;
}

int main()
{//主函数设计如下，请勿修改.
	Time t1(2, 34), t2, t3;
	t2.SetTime(13, 23, 34);
	cout << "t1+t2:";
	t3 = t1 + t2;//两个Time类对象相加
	t3.print_24();
	cout << "\nt1+65:";
	t3 = t1 + 65;//Time类对象加上65秒#
	t3.print_24();
	cout << "\n65+t1:";
	t3 = 65 + t1;//65秒加上Time类对象#
	t3.print_24();
	cout << "\nt2-t1:";
	t3 = t2 - t1;//两个Time类对象相减
	t3.print_24();
	cout << "\nt1-70:";
	t3 = t1 - 70;//Time类对象减去70秒
	t3.print_24();
	return 0;
}

5.

运算符的重载 【问题描述】不允许修改主函数，请将以下代码补充完整。 class  String {        char  *ptr; public:  String(char  *s)     {     ptr=new  char[strlen(s)+1];   strcpy(ptr, s);   }  ~String() {  delete  []ptr; }  void print() { cout<<ptr<<endl; } }; int  main( ) { String  p1("book"), p2("pen"),p3("good"),p4;  p4 = p4 = p1 ;  p3 = p1 = p2;  cout<<"p2:";  p2.print();  cout<<"p1:"<<p1;  cout<<"p3:"<<p3;  p4+=p3;  cout<<"p4:"<<p4;  return 0; } 【样例输入】 无 【样例输出】 p2:pen p1:pen p3:pen p4:bookpen

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class  String 
{      
	char *ptr;
public:
	String()
	{
		ptr=NULL;
	}
	String(char *s)   
	{  
		ptr=new char[strlen(s)+1];
		strcpy(ptr, s); 
 	}
	~String() 
	{  
		delete []ptr; 
	}
	void operator +=(const String &s);
    String& operator =(const String &s);
    friend ostream & operator <<(ostream &out, String &s);
	void print() 
	{ 
		cout<<ptr<<endl; 
	}
};

void String::operator +=(const String &s)
{
    char a[100];
    strcpy(a, ptr);
    delete []ptr;
    ptr=new char[strlen(a)+strlen(s.ptr)+1];
    strcpy(ptr,strcat(a,s.ptr));
}

String& String::operator =(const String &s)
{
    if(this==&s)    
		return *this;
    delete []ptr;
    ptr=new char[strlen(s.ptr)+1];
    strcpy(ptr,s.ptr);
    return *this;
}

ostream & operator <<(ostream &out, String &s)
{
    out<<s.ptr<<endl;
    return out;
}

int main( )
{
    String  p1("book"), p2("pen"), p3("good"), p4;
    p4 = p4 = p1;        
    p3 = p1 = p2;
    cout<<"p2:";
    p2.print();
    cout<<"p1:"<<p1;
    cout<<"p3:"<<p3;
    p4 += p3;
    cout<<"p4:"<<p4;
    return 0;
}