以太网(IEEE802·3)

CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect)

        （1）传输前侦听

　　（2）如果忙则等待

　　（3）传输并检测冲突

       （4）如果冲突发生，重传前等待

传送封包

     |                  

     |<－－－  |<<---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

     |                   |                                                                                                                                            |

是否有空档－－NO                                                                                                                                    |

     |yes                                                                                                                                                          |

     |<－－－--  |                                                                                                                                            |

     |                    |                                                                                                                                            |

是否持续96ns--NO                                                                                                                                    |

    |yes                                                                                                                                                          |

送出封包                                                                                                                                              Back Off  

     |                                                                                                                                                                |No

是否有碰撞－－－－－－－－－yes------通知大家碰撞了－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－碰撞16次

    |No                                                                                                                                                         |Yes,

传送完毕                                                                                                                                       放弃传送， 通知上层

 

封包格式

Preble 同步               8 bytes

目的地址                   6 bytes

源地址                        6 bytes

类型                            2 bytes

Data                            46-500 bytes

FCS                             4 bytes              

1.前七个字节的功能是使接收端的时脉（CLOCK）能与封包的时脉同步后一个字节代表Preamble与封包内容的分界
2. Destination Address(目的地址)

3. Source  Address(目的地址)

4. Type(协议种类)
    占2个字节，以代码指定上层（网络层）所采用的协议。0x0800代表IP、0x8137代表IPX、0x0600代表XNS, 0x0806代表ARP, 0x8035代表RARP, 0x86DD-IPv6协议、0x880B-PPP协议

5. Data(数据), 也就是Payload,长度为46字节到1500字节。
6、FCS（FRAMECHECKSEQUENCE，封包检查结果
占4个字节，记录着由硬件（网卡）自动产生的CRC值。将来接收端收到封包时，也会产生一个CRC值，并比对

两个CRC值，是否相符，以判断封包是否完整无损。