反射知识点总结《Lipp学习笔记》

反射

难点总结：

1.例子入手

package test;



import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class ListToModel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Object> userList = new ArrayList<Object>();
        userList.add("tom");
        userList.add("男");
        userList.add(18);
        User user = new User();
        try {
            listToModel(userList, user);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(user.getName() + "; " + user.getGender() + "; " + user.getAge());
 
    }
    
    //把list内容逐个取出来放进User实体类中
    public static <T> void listToModel(List<Object> list, T t) throws Exception {
        Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
        if (list.size() != fields.length) {
            return;
        }
        for (int k = 0, len = fields.length; k < len; k++) {
            // 根据属性名称,找寻合适的set方法
            String fieldName = fields[k].getName();
            String setMethodName = "set" + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
                    + fieldName.substring(1);
            Method method = null;
            Class<?> clazz = t.getClass();
            try {
                method = clazz.getMethod(setMethodName, new Class[] { list.get(k).getClass() });
                System.out.println("list.get("+k+").getClass():"+list.get(k).getClass());
            } catch (SecurityException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
                return;
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e1) {
                String newMethodName = "set" + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase()
                        + fieldName.substring(1);
                try {
                    method = clazz.getMethod(newMethodName, new Class[] { list.get(k).getClass() });
                } catch (SecurityException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return;
                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return;
                }
            }
            if (method == null) {
                return;
            }
            method.invoke(t, new Object[] { list.get(k) });
        }
    }

}
class User{
	private String name;
	private String gender;
	private Integer age;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(String gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

2. Object.getClass()方法是啥？

作用

拿到反射的类

例子

User user = new User();
System.out.println(user.getClass());

控制台打印结果

class test.User

3. getDeclaredFields()

作用

拿到所有声明的成员变量集合，无论public还是private，当然是Field[] fields

例子

4. getMethod()

作用

Method Class.getMethod(String name, Class<?>… parameterTypes)的作用是获得对象所声明的公开方法

该方法的第一个参数name是要获得方法的名字，第二个参数parameterTypes是按声明顺序标识该方法形参类型,白话就是原来那个函数的参数s写成数组。
返回结果是 Method method

例子

method = clazz.getMethod(setMethodName, new Class[] {list.get(k).getClass()});
System.out.println("method:"+method);

结果：

method : public void month8day16.User.setGender(java.lang.String)

5. method.invoke()

作用

public Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args)
obj - 调用底层方法的对象。就是执行方法的对象
args - 用于方法调用的参数。就是方法要用到的实际参数

例子

method.invoke(t, new Object[] {list.get(k)})

上面的method是user的set方法，将值放入方法中，确实get得到值

---

date：2022/03/01

啥是反射

动态语言可以运行时改变自身结构
java通过反射可以变为准动态语言，但也增加了不安全性。
Class类用来管理反射。

应用

动态代理
在运行时判断对象所属的类
在运行时构造一个类的对象
在运行时判断一个类所有的变量和方法
在运行是调用一个对象的方法

优缺点

优点：可以动态创建编译对象
缺点：性能较弱。反射是一种解释操作，让jvm来操作。

Class类

每个类编译完成时候，都会产生Class对象。
反射获取类实际例子，一般有三种方式
1.Class.forname(“类路径”);
2.Class classTest = 目标类.class
3.Class classTest = 目标类实例对象.getClass()

类加载步骤：

• 1.方法区里面加载一个类对应Class对象
• 2.然后程序栈里面进行link过程
• 3.初始化

通过reflection获得一个对象

例子：

package com.day301.reflectiondemo;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
	Class c1 =Class.forName("com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme");
	
	
	
	
	Constructor constuctor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class,double.class);
	//通过构造器调用对象有参构造方法，生成对象
	Userme user01 = (Userme) constuctor.newInstance("shi",01,59.63);
	System.out.println(user01.getAge());
	
	Userme c2 = (Userme)c1.newInstance();
	System.out.println(c2);
	//默认生成无参构造方法
	Method method = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setAge", double.class);
	method.invoke(c2, 37.09);
	System.out.println(c2.getAge());
	//返回一个method，注意的是，需要将方法invoke初始化
	
	Userme c3 = (Userme)c1.newInstance();
	Field name =c1.getDeclaredField("name");
	name.setAccessible(true);
	name.set(c3, "我要调用方法"
			+ "没错哦");
	System.out.println(c3.getName());
//update field方法，需要注意的是，需要添加setAccessible（True），private filed才能修改
}
}

结果：

59.63
com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme@3dfc5fb8
37.09
我要调用方法没错哦

性能

package com.day301.reflectiondemo;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test10 {
	public static void test01(){
		Userme user = new Userme();
		long starttime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<1000000000;i++) {
			user.getName();
		}
		long endTime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("默认方法"+(starttime-endTime)+"ms");
	}
	public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
		Userme user = new Userme();
		Class c1 =user.getClass();
		Method getName =c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
		
		
		long starttime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<1000000000;i++) {
			getName.invoke(user, null);		}
		long endTime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("这是正常反射操时间：                          "+(starttime-endTime)+"ms");
		
	}
	public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
		Userme user = new Userme();
		Class c2 =user.getClass();
		Method getName =c2.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
		getName.setAccessible(true);
		long starttime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<1000000000;i++) {
			getName.invoke(user, null);	
		}
		long endTime =System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println(starttime-endTime+"ms");
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
		test01();
		test02();
		test03();
	}
}

结果：

默认方法-3ms
这是正常反射操时间：                          -1196ms
-868ms

泛型

public class TestFanxing {
	public void test01(Map<String , Userme> map,List<Userme> list) {
		System.out.println("调用了Test01方法");
	}
	public Map<String ,Userme> test02(){
		System.out.println("调用了Test02方法");
		return null;	
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
		{Method method = TestFanxing.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class,List.class);
		System.out.println(method);
		Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
		for(Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
			System.out.println(genericParameterType);
			if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
				Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
				for(Type actual:actualTypeArguments) {
					System.out.println(actual);
				}
			}
		}}
		{Method method2 = TestFanxing.class.getMethod("test02", null);
		System.out.println(method2);
		Type[] genericParameterTypes = method2.getGenericParameterTypes();
		for(Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
			System.out.println(genericParameterType);
			if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
				Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
				for(Type actual:actualTypeArguments) {
					System.out.println(actual);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	}
}

public void com.day301.reflectiondemo.TestFanxing.test01(java.util.Map,java.util.List)
java.util.Map<java.lang.String, com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme>
class java.lang.String
class com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme
java.util.List<com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme>
class com.day301.reflectiondemo.Userme
public java.util.Map com.day301.reflectiondemo.TestFanxing.test02()

注解与反射映射成ORM

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
		Class c1 = Class.forName("com.total.day301.Student");

		Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
		for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
			System.out.println(annotation);
		}

		TableLipp tableLipp = (TableLipp) c1.getAnnotation(TableLipp.class);
		String value = tableLipp.value();
		System.out.println(value);
		
		Field f =c1.getDeclaredField("id");
		FieldLipp annotation  = f.getAnnotation(FieldLipp.class);
		System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
		System.out.println(annotation.type());
		System.out.println(annotation.length());

	}
}

package com.total.day301;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@TableLipp("db_student")
public class Student {
	@FieldLipp(columnName="db_id",type="int",length=10)
	private int id;
	@FieldLipp(columnName="db_age",type="int",length=10)
	private int age;
	@FieldLipp(columnName="db_name",type="varchar",length=10)
	private String name;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}
	public Student(int id, int age, String name) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.age = age;
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Student() {
		
	}
	
}
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableLipp{
	String value();
}
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldLipp{
	String columnName();
	String type();
	int length();
	
}

result:

@com.total.day301.TableLipp(value="db_student")
db_student
db_id
int
10