Android百分比布局

android有个百分比布局，于是研究了下。

用途

官方针对屏幕适配的问题提出的一种优化手段，主要用来解决屏幕适配。屏幕适配主要以屏幕宽度为依据。

使用

1.添加依赖

在Module级别的build.gradle中加入如下代码：

compile 'com.android.support:percent:26.+'

2.关联命名空间

在需要使用百分比布局的布局文件中，加入如下代码来关联百分比布局属性的命名空间，然后才能使用百分比布局的属性。

xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"

3.使用百分比属性

使用以”app:”开头的属性，属性值以”%”为单位，表示占对应父布局宽高的百分比。支持以下属性：

layout_widthPercent、layout_heightPercent、
layout_marginPercent、 layout_aspectRatio、
layout_marginTopPercent、 layout_marginBottomPercent、
layout_marginStartPercent（相当于marginLeft）、
layout_marginEndPercent（相当于marginRight）。
其中， layout_aspectRatio为宽高比，宽度除以高度（可以将%当做单位来运算），可以在布局文件里，只设置宽高中的一个值，系统会自动算出另一个值，当app: layout_aspectRatio=”100%”，控件为正方形。

使用示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.percent.PercentRelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.zsk.myapplication.PercentLayoutActivity">

    <View
        android:id="@+id/view1"
        android:background="#336"
        app:layout_heightPercent="10%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="25%" />

    <View
        android:id="@+id/view2"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/view1"
        android:background="#933"
        app:layout_heightPercent="10%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="25%" />

    <View
        android:id="@+id/view3"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/view2"
        android:background="#976"
        app:layout_heightPercent="10%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="25%" />

    <View
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/view3"
        android:background="#333333"
        app:layout_heightPercent="10%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="25%" />

    <View
        android:id="@+id/view4"
        android:background="#669999"
        app:layout_aspectRatio="600%"
        app:layout_marginBottomPercent="10%"
        app:layout_marginEndPercent="10%"
        app:layout_marginStartPercent="10%"
        app:layout_marginTopPercent="10%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="100%" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_below="@id/view4"
        android:background="#f00"
        app:layout_heightPercent="20%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="50%" />

    <View
        android:id="@+id/view5"
        android:layout_below="@+id/view4"
        android:background="#0f0"
        app:layout_aspectRatio="200%"
        app:layout_marginTopPercent="30%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="30%" />

    <View
        android:layout_below="@+id/view4"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/view5"
        android:background="#0f0"
        app:layout_aspectRatio="200%"
        app:layout_heightPercent="30%"
        app:layout_marginTopPercent="30%" />

    <android.support.percent.PercentFrameLayout
        android:layout_below="@+id/view4"
        android:background="#333"
        app:layout_heightPercent="30%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="50%">

        <View
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:background="#0f0"
            app:layout_aspectRatio="200%"
            app:layout_widthPercent="80%" />

        <View
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:background="#00f"
            app:layout_aspectRatio="100%"
            app:layout_heightPercent="50%" />
    </android.support.percent.PercentFrameLayout>
</android.support.percent.PercentRelativeLayout>

自定义LinearPercentLayout

先上代码（其实就是将PercentFrameLayout源码中的FrameLayout全部替换为LinearLayout就可以了）：

package com.zsk.myapplication.ui.view;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.percent.PercentLayoutHelper;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

public class PercentLinearLayout extends LinearLayout {

    private final PercentLayoutHelper mHelper = new PercentLayoutHelper(this);

    public PercentLinearLayout(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public PercentLinearLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    public PercentLinearLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }
    @Override
    protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {
        return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
    }

    @Override
    public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {
        return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        mHelper.adjustChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        if (mHelper.handleMeasuredStateTooSmall()) {
            super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
        super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
        mHelper.restoreOriginalParams();
    }

    public static class LayoutParams extends LinearLayout.LayoutParams implements PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutParams {

        private PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutInfo mPercentLayoutInfo;
        public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
            super(c, attrs);
            mPercentLayoutInfo = PercentLayoutHelper.getPercentLayoutInfo(c, attrs);
        }

        public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {
            super(width, height);
        }

        public LayoutParams(int width, int height, float weight) {
            super(width, height, weight);
        }

        public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
            super(p);
        }

        public LayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams source) {
            super(source);
        }

        @RequiresApi(19)
        public LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams source) {
            super(source);
            gravity = source.gravity;
        }
        @RequiresApi(19)
        public LayoutParams(LayoutParams source) {
            // The copy constructor used here is only supported on API 19+.
            this((LinearLayout.LayoutParams) source);
            mPercentLayoutInfo = source.mPercentLayoutInfo;
        }

        @Override
        public PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutInfo getPercentLayoutInfo() {
            if (mPercentLayoutInfo == null) {
                mPercentLayoutInfo = new PercentLayoutHelper.PercentLayoutInfo();
            }

            return mPercentLayoutInfo;
        }

        @Override
        protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {
            PercentLayoutHelper.fetchWidthAndHeight(this, a, widthAttr, heightAttr);
        }
    }
}

使用：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<com.zsk.myapplication.ui.view.PercentLinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center">


    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:background="#000"
        app:layout_aspectRatio="100%"
        app:layout_widthPercent="20%" />
</com.zsk.myapplication.ui.view.PercentLinearLayout>

源码分析

在开发工具中，点开PercentFrameLayout的源码，可以发现，百分比布局的效果主要是在FrameLayout的基础上、借助PercentLayoutHelper来实现的，onMeasure中控件的测量、onLayout中子view的位置、以及百分比数值的解析，都在PercentLayoutHelper中，代码大意很好理解，不理解的可以参考：Android 百分比布局库(percent-support-lib) 解析与扩展里面的源码解析。

最后整个项目代码地址：
https://download.csdn.net/download/questions000/10302835