使用sxstrace.exe调试Windows应用程序运行时动态链接库的加载异常

sxstrace.exe 是 Windows 系统自带的一个非常强大的工具，用于跟踪应用程序运行时动态链接库的加载情况。下面举一个案例，使用 sxstrace.exe 调试应用程序启动时抛出的"side-by-side"的加载异常。

 

在一台 WindowsServer 2008 R2 的系统中安装 python2.7 ，安装完成后运行 python.exe ，结果弹出下面的错误：

 

启动失败可能与动态链接库的加载有关，这时使用sxstrace.exe进行跟踪，首先以管理员权限打开 cmd ，输入下面的命令开始追踪：

C:\Users\daniel>sxstrace parse -logfile:c:\myTrace.log

 

接着，复现上面的问题（报错）。

 

复现完成后，在 cmd 窗口使用 ENTER 键停止 trace：

C:\Users\daniel>sxstracetrace -logfile:c:\myTrace.log

Tracing started.Trace will be saved to file c:\myTrace.log.

Press Enter to stoptracing...

C:\Users\daniel>

 

日志文件已经保存到上面指定的c:\myTrace.log 中，但是这个文件内容并不是可读的，需要进一步进行解析，使用下面的命令将日志文件内容解析为可读的内容：

C:\Users\daniel>sxstraceParse -logfile:c:\myTrace.log -outfile:c:\mysxsTrace.txt

Parsinglog file c:\myTrace.log...

Parsingfinished! Output saved to file c:\mysxsTrace.txt.

 

打开解析后得到的文件c:\mysxsTrace.txt，内容如下：

================= Begin Activation Context Generation. Input Parameter: Flags = 0 ProcessorArchitecture = AMD64 CultureFallBacks = en-US;en ManifestPath = C:\Python27\python.exe AssemblyDirectory = C:\Python27\ Application Config File = ----------------- INFO: Parsing Manifest File C:\Python27\python.exe. INFO: Manifest Definition Identity is (null). INFO: Reference: Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",v ersion="9.0.21022.8" INFO: Resolving reference Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version= "9.0.21022.8". INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture amd64. INFO: Resolving reference for culture Neutral. INFO: Applying Binding Policy. INFO: No publisher policy found. INFO: No binding policy redirect found. INFO: Begin assembly probing. INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS. INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_64\Microsoft.VC90.CRT \9.0.21022.8__1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.DLL. INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Python27\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.DLL. INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Python27\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST. INFO: Manifest found at C:\Python27\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST. INFO: End assembly probing. INFO: Resolving reference Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui,language="*",processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b ",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8". INFO: Resolving reference for ProcessorArchitecture amd64. INFO: Resolving reference for culture en-US. INFO: Applying Binding Policy. INFO: No publisher policy found. INFO: No binding policy redirect found. INFO: Begin assembly probing. INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS. INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_64\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui\9.0.21022.8_en-US_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui.DLL. INFO: Did not find manifest for culture en-US. INFO: End assembly probing. INFO: Resolving reference for culture en. INFO: Applying Binding Policy. INFO: No publisher policy found. INFO: No binding policy redirect found. INFO: Begin assembly probing. INFO: Did not find the assembly in WinSxS. INFO: Attempt to probe manifest at C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_64\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui\9.0.21022.8_en_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.mui.DLL. INFO: Did not find manifest for culture en. INFO: End assembly probing. INFO: Parsing Manifest File C:\Python27\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST. INFO: Manifest Definition Identity is Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",v ersion="9.0.30729.1". ERROR: Component identity found in manifest does not match the identity of the component requested. Reference is Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",v ersion="9.0.21022.8". Definition is Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",v ersion="9.0.30729.1". ERROR: Activation Context generation failed. End Activation Context Generation.

 

查看上面的报错，发现报错信息还是比较明确的：

INFO: Parsing Manifest File C:\Python27\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST. INFO: Manifest Definition Identity is Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",ve rsion="9.0.30729.1". ERROR: Component identity found in manifest does not match the identity of the component requested. Reference is Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",ve rsion="9.0.21022.8". Definition is Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="amd64",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",ve rsion="9.0.30729.1". ERROR: Activation Context generation failed. End Activation Context Generation.

 

即在解析 C:\Python27\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST 文件时，发现需要引用的 Microsoft.VC90.CRT 的版本是 9.0.21022.8，但是 manifest 文件中定义的版本是9.0.30729.1，导致加载失败。

 

所以我们找到 C:\Python27\Microsoft.VC90.CRT.MANIFEST 文件，打开发现版本定义确实不是要引用的版本：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0"> <noInheritable/> <assemblyIdentity type="win32" name="Microsoft.VC90.CRT" version="9.0.30729.1" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b"/> <file name="msvcr90.dll" hashalg="SHA1" hash="24af0511e0ed6e84a0eaa542b5ed940cb93f6112"> <asmv2:hash xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <dsig:Transforms> <dsig:Transform Algorithm="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:HashTransforms.Identity"/> </dsig:Transforms> <dsig:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <dsig:DigestValue>w+rhQEheVo6YaL7c+bf9GNxDIe0=</dsig:DigestValue> </asmv2:hash> </file> <file name="msvcp90.dll" hashalg="SHA1" hash="c1647c8ab25a2bc28ad379da402808c710a038ac"> <asmv2:hash xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <dsig:Transforms> <dsig:Transform Algorithm="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:HashTransforms.Identity"/> </dsig:Transforms> <dsig:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <dsig:DigestValue>aF4dNBhwwplOmPhrRVfVKH/0zvM=</dsig:DigestValue> </asmv2:hash> </file> <file name="msvcm90.dll" hashalg="SHA1" hash="6ca953c26a9fc967bececb5b0ca087d6506cc432"> <asmv2:hash xmlns:asmv2="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <dsig:Transforms> <dsig:Transform Algorithm="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:HashTransforms.Identity"/> </dsig:Transforms> <dsig:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <dsig:DigestValue>h3+MSJByEnLrOAWSdH5H/mFaEaM=</dsig:DigestValue> </asmv2:hash> </file> </assembly>

 

找到原因后，将这个版本修改为 9.0.21022.8，然后再次运行python.exe，运行正常：