57--比较器之Comparable与Comparator

在数组的操作中，排序是比较常见的一种操作，而java中数据类型的分为基本数据类型和引用数据类型，基本数据类型可以使用关系运算符进行比较。那么如何比较引用数据类型的大小呢？此时就必须使用java提供的比较器了。java提供了两个比较器：Comparable和Comparator。

Comparable比较器

查看源码：

package java.lang;
import java.util.*;
public interface Comparable<T> {
    public int compareTo(T o);
}

发现Comparable是一个接口，此接口中只有一个比较的方法：compareTo(T o)，并且返回了一个int类型的值。参数为一个外部传入的对象，如果当前数据比传入的对象小返回负数；如果大，返回正数；如果相等，返回0.

要排序的对象只需要继承此接口即可。
实例：

package com.qwy;

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @author qwy
 * @create 2021-03-23 21:45
 **/
class Student implements Comparable{
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private int age;
    private int score;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int id, String username, int age, int score) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }

    /**
     * 此实例中首先按照学生的成绩从小到大排列，如果成绩相等则按照年龄由小到大排列
     * @param o
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Object o) {
         if(o instanceof Student){
             Student s= (Student) o;
             if(this.score>s.getScore())   {
                 return 1;
             } else if(this.score<s.getScore()){
                 return -1;
             }else{
                 if(this.age> s.getAge()) {
                       return 1;
                 }else if(this.getAge()<s.getAge()){
                     return -1;
                 }else{
                     return 0;
                 }
             }
         }
        return 0;
    }
}
public class TestComparable {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         Student[]    students= new Student[]{
                 new Student(1,"admin",12,90),
                 new Student(2,"jerry",23,100),
                 new Student(3,"jack",32,90),
                 new Student(4,"tom",16,89),
                 new Student(5,"green",21,90),
                 };
        System.out.println("排序之前：");
        for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
          System.out.println(students[i]);
        }
         System.out.println("排序之后：");
        Arrays.sort(students);
        for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(students[i]);
        }
    }

}

运行结果：
排序之前：
Student{id=1, username=‘admin’, age=‘12’, score=90}
Student{id=2, username=‘jerry’, age=‘23’, score=100}
Student{id=3, username=‘jack’, age=‘32’, score=90}
Student{id=4, username=‘tom’, age=‘16’, score=89}
Student{id=5, username=‘green’, age=‘21’, score=90}
排序之后：
Student{id=4, username=‘tom’, age=‘16’, score=89}
Student{id=1, username=‘admin’, age=‘12’, score=90}
Student{id=5, username=‘green’, age=‘21’, score=90}
Student{id=3, username=‘jack’, age=‘32’, score=90}
Student{id=2, username=‘jerry’, age=‘23’, score=100}

注意：
Student必须实现Comparable接口，重写compareTo（）方法。否则会报：java.lang.ClassCastException的异常。

Comparator比较器

从上个例子中我们发现我们要对对象进行比较，则必须实现Comparable接口，否则会出现异常。而实际开发中，可能会对未实现Comparable接口的对象进行比较，此时我们可以使用Comparator接口提供的方法进行补救。
实例：

package com.qwy;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

/**
 * @author qwy
 * @create 2021-03-23 22:09
 **/
class Users{
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private int age;
    private int score;

    public Users() {
    }

    public Users(int id, String username, int age, int score) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Users{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }
}
public class TestComparator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Users[] usersArray=new Users[]{
                new Users(1,"admin",12,90),
                new Users(2,"jerry",23,100),
                new Users(3,"jack",32,90),
                new Users(4,"tom",16,89),
                new Users(5,"green",21,90),
        };

        System.out.println("排序之前：");
        for (Users u:usersArray) {
            System.out.println( u);
        }
        /**
         * 这里使用Comparator接口对象的匿名实现类创建匿名对象的方式实现
         */
        Arrays.sort(usersArray, new Comparator<Users>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Users u1, Users u2) {
                if(u1.getScore()>u2.getScore()){
                    return 1;
                }else if(u1.getScore()<u2.getScore()){
                    return -1;
                }else{
                    if(u1.getAge()>u2.getAge()){
                        return 1;
                    }else if(u1.getAge()<u2.getAge()){
                        return -1;
                    }else{
                        return 0;
                    }
                }

            }
        });
        System.out.println("排序之后：");
        for (Users u:usersArray) {
            System.out.println( u);
        }
    }
}

运行结果：
排序之前：
Users{id=1, username=‘admin’, age=12, score=90}
Users{id=2, username=‘jerry’, age=23, score=100}
Users{id=3, username=‘jack’, age=32, score=90}
Users{id=4, username=‘tom’, age=16, score=89}
Users{id=5, username=‘green’, age=21, score=90}
排序之后：
Users{id=4, username=‘tom’, age=16, score=89}
Users{id=1, username=‘admin’, age=12, score=90}
Users{id=5, username=‘green’, age=21, score=90}
Users{id=3, username=‘jack’, age=32, score=90}
Users{id=2, username=‘jerry’, age=23, score=100}

总结：
如果一个对象的类没有实现Comparable接口，在进行比较时，我们可以使用Comparator接口提供的方法进行定制比较。