设计模式-创建型-单例

饿汉式:

package com.anlysqx.pattern.factory.Singleton;

public class Singleton {
    //类初始化时立即加载这个对象
    //由于加载类时，天然的是线程安全的
    private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    private Singleton(){}
    //方法没有同步，调用效率高
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return singleton;
    }

    public void info(){
        System.out.println("有了singleton对象");
    }

}

懒汉式:

package com.anlysqx.pattern.factory.Singleton;

public class Singleton2 {
    //类初始化时，不初始化这个对象，延迟加载，真正调用的时候再创建
    private static Singleton2 singleton2;
    //私有化构造器
    private Singleton2(){}
    //方法同步，调用效率低
    public static synchronized Singleton2 getInstance(){
        if (singleton2 == null){
            singleton2 = new Singleton2();
        }
        return singleton2;
    }
    public void info(){
        System.out.println("singleton2 info");
    }
}

单例模式的拓展: 有限多例模式:

package com.anlysqx.pattern.factory.Singleton;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


public class Singleton3 {
    private static List<Singleton3> list;
    static {
        list = new ArrayList<Singleton3>();
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
            list.add(new Singleton3());
        }
    }
    private Singleton3(){}
    public static Singleton3 getRandomInstance(){
        return list.get((int)Math.random()*5);
    }

    public static Singleton3 getInstanceByIndex(int index){
        return list.get(index);
    }

    public void info(){
        System.out.println("singleton3 info...");
    }
}

静态内部类实现懒汉模式，同时又天然的同步；

package com.anlysqx.pattern.factory.Singleton;

public class Singleton4 {
   private static class SubSingleton{
       //在外部类加载的时候不会加载内部类，除非是使用到了内部类
       private static final Singleton4 instance = new Singleton4();
   }

   private Singleton4(){}

   public static Singleton4 getInstance(){
       return SubSingleton.instance;
   }

   public void info(){
       System.out.println("外部类可以访问内部类的私有成员变量,坑爹不？");
       System.out.println("singleton4 info...");
   }

}

最简单的方式是使用枚举类的方式:

package com.anlysqx.pattern.factory.Singleton;

public enum  Singleton5 {
    INSTANCE;

    public void otherOperation(){
        System.out.println("other operation...");
    }
}

调用的时候:

package com.anlysqx.pattern.factory.Singleton;

public class TestSingleton5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Singleton5.INSTANCE);
        System.out.println(Singleton5.INSTANCE);
        Singleton5.INSTANCE.otherOperation();

    }
}

枚举类没有延长加载，线程安全调用效率高，并且可以天然的防止反射和反序列化。