爬取12306余票信息报错：json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

requests.get网址后报错，打印爬取到的信息显示为“网络可能存在问题，请您重试一下！”

原因为request.get()是独立的一次访问，没有携带前几个访问请求反馈后的状态，相当于把每次请求看成了独立浏览器去完成的，所以12306拒绝访问。

解决方法为增加cookie，直接写入header或者直接使用cookie，内容可以从自己浏览的网页中获得。

cookie = '''JSESSIONID=19244E64B10E57EFB354E317CC0DD2C5; BIGipServerotn=535822858.50210.0000; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1582333451491; RAIL_DEVICEID=McIuEPF2UftrVKz1eNePew8hyOmYixP1IVU1JOTtULuRy2igIY3K71OCqb2YQni1FEkLyWbxf508zd6v91pHbnHRZ2UU0SLJBBsbittDazpLO-ZB7zoirqGyH9ao0cAv_d76BNGKrAVsosQuv0EkQuOczvUHWMcx; BIGipServerpool_passport=317522442.50215.0000; route=9036359bb8a8a461c164a04f8f50b252; _jc_save_toStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; _jc_save_fromStation=%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ; _jc_save_fromDate=2020-02-19; _jc_save_toDate=2020-02-19'''
header = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36',
          'Connection':'keep-alive',
          'accept':'*/*',
          'Cookie':cookie}
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryO?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2020-02-19&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CSQ&leftTicketDTO.to_station=SHH&purpose_codes=ADULT'
response = requests.get(url, headers = header)

cookie = {'JSESSIONID':'19244E64B10E57EFB354E317CC0DD2C5',
          'BIGipServerotn':'535822858.50210.0000',
          'RAIL_EXPIRATION':'1582333451491',
          'RAIL_DEVICEID':'McIuEPF2UftrVKz1eNePew8hyOmYixP1IVU1JOTtULuRy2igIY3K71OCqb2YQni1FEkLyWbxf508zd6v91pHbnHRZ2UU0SLJBBsbittDazpLO-ZB7zoirqGyH9ao0cAv_d76BNGKrAVsosQuv0EkQuOczvUHWMcx',
          'BIGipServerpool_passport':'317522442.50215.0000',
          'route':'9036359bb8a8a461c164a04f8f50b252',
          '_jc_save_toStation':'%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH',
          '_jc_save_wfdc_flag':'dc',
          '_jc_save_fromStation':'%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ',
          '_jc_save_fromDate':'2020-02-19',
          '_jc_save_toDate':'2020-02-19'}
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryO?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2020-02-19&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CSQ&leftTicketDTO.to_station=SHH&purpose_codes=ADULT'
response = requests.get(url, cookies = cookie)

 

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参考资料：https://blog.csdn.net/brave_heart_lxl/article/details/102538825