第六章

1. #include <iostream.h>  
class Point  
{public:  
    Point(float x=0,float y=0);  
    void setPoint(float,float);  
    float getX() const  
    {return x;}  
    float getY() const  
    {return y;}  
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,Point &);  
protected:  
    float x,y;  
};  
Point::Point(float a,float b)  
{  
    x=a;y=b;  
}  
void Point::setPoint(float a,float b)  
{  
 x=a;y=b;  
}  
ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,Point &p)  
{  
 output<<"["<<p.x<<","<<p.y<<"]"<<endl;  
 return output;  
}  
class Circle:public Point  
{  
public:  
    Circle(float x,float y,float r):Point(x,y),radius(r){}  
    void setRadius(float r)  
    {radius=r;}  
    float getRadius() const  
    {return radius;}  
    double area() const  
    {  
     return 3.1415*radius*radius;  
    }  
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,Circle &);  
protected:  
    float radius;  
};  
ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,Circle &c)  
{  
    output<<"Center =["<<c.x<<","<<c.y<<"],r= "<<c.radius<<",area="<<c.area()<<endl;  
    return output;  
}  
class Cylinder:public Circle  
{  
public:  
    Cylinder(float x,float y,float r,float h):Circle(x,y,r),height(h){}  
    void setHeight(float h)  
    {height=h;}  
    float getHeight() const  
    {return height;}  
    double area() const  
    {  
        return 2*Circle::area()+2*3.1415*radius*height;   
    }  
    double volume() const  
    {  
        return 3.1415*radius*radius*height;  
    }  
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,Cylinder &);  
protected:  
    float height;  
};  
ostream & operator<<(ostream &output,Cylinder &cy)  
{  
 output<<"Center=["<<cy.x<<cy.y<<"],r="<<cy.radius<<",h="<<cy.height<<"\narea="<<cy.area()<<",volume="<<cy.volume()<<endl;  
 return output;  
}  
int main()  
{  
 Cylinder cy1(3.5,6.4,5.2,10);  
 cout<<"original cylinder:\nx="<<cy1.getX()<<",y="<<cy1.getY()<<",r="<<cy1.getRadius()<<",h="<<cy1.getHeight()<<"\narea="<<cy1.area()<<",volume="<<cy1.volume()<<endl;  
 cy1.setHeight(15);  
 cy1.setRadius(7.5);  
 cy1.setPoint(5,5);  
 cout<<"\nnew cylinder:\n"<<cy1;  
 Point &pRef=cy1;  
 cout<<"\npRef as a point:"<<pRef;  
 Circle &cRef=cy1;  
 cout<<"\ncRef as a circle:"<<cRef;  
 return 0;  
}  
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150526202513824" alt="" />

3.(1) #include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
class Point  
{  
 public:  
     Point(float a,float b):x(a),y(b){}  
     ~Point(){cout<<"executing Point destructor"<<endl;}  
 private:  
     float x;  
     float y;  
};  
class Circle:public Point  
{  
public:  
    Circle(float a,float b,float r):Point(a,b),radius(r){}  
    ~Circle(){cout<<"executing Circle destructor"<<endl;}  
private:  
    float radius;  
};  
int main()  
{  
 Point *p=new Circle(1,2,3);  
 delete p;  
 return 0;  
}  
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150526202608723" alt="" />

(2)#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
class Point  
{  
 public:  
     Point(float a,float b):x(a),y(b){}  
     ~Point(){cout<<"executing Point destructor"<<endl;}  
 private:  
     float x;  
     float y;  
};  
class Circle:public Point  
{  
public:  
    Circle(float a,float b,float r):Point(a,b),radius(r){}  
    ~Circle(){cout<<"executing Circle destructor"<<endl;}  
private:  
    float radius;  
};  
int main()  
{  
 Point *p=new Circle(1,2,3);  
 Circle *r=new Circle(1,2,3);  
 delete r;  
 return 0;  
}  
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150526202615894" alt="" />

(3) #include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
class Point  
{  
 public:  
     Point(float a,float b):x(a),y(b){}  
     virtual ~Point(){cout<<"executing Point destructor"<<endl;}  
 private:  
     float x;  
     float y;  
};  
class Circle:public Point  
{  
public:  
    Circle(float a,float b,float r):Point(a,b),radius(r){}  
    ~Circle(){cout<<"executing Circle destructor"<<endl;}  
private:  
    float radius;  
};  
int main()  
{  
 Point *p=new Circle(1,2,3);  
 delete p;  
 return 0;  
}  
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150526202623833" alt="" />

4. #include <iostream.h>  
class Shape{  
public:  
    virtual double area()const =0;  
};  
class Circle:public Shape  
{  
public:  
    Circle(double r):radius(r){}  
    virtual double area() const  
    {  
     return 3.1415*radius*radius;  
    }  
protected:  
    double radius;  
};  
class Rectangle :public Shape{  
public:  
    Rectangle(double l,double w):length(l),width(w){}  
    virtual double area()const  
    {  
     return length*width;  
    }  
protected:  
    double length;  
    double width;  
};  
class Triangle:public Shape  
{  
public:  
    Triangle(double d,double h):dibian(d),height(h){}  
    virtual double area() const  
    {  
     return 0.5*dibian*height;  
    }  
protected:  
    double dibian;  
    double height;  
};  
void display(const Shape &s)  
{  
 cout<<s.area()<<endl;  
}  
int main()  
{  
 Circle c(4);  
 cout<<"area of c is ";  
 display(c);  
 Rectangle r(2,4);  
 cout<<"area of r is ";  
 display(r);  
 Triangle t(1,2);  
 cout<<"area of t is ";  
 display(t);  
 return 0;  
}  
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150526202631428" alt="" />

5. #include <iostream.h>  
class Shape{  
public:  
    virtual double area()const =0;  
};  
class Circle:public Shape  
{  
public:  
    Circle(double r):radius(r){}  
    virtual double area() const  
    {  
     return 3.1415*radius*radius;  
    }  
protected:  
    double radius;  
};  
class Rectangle :public Shape{  
public:  
    Rectangle(double l,double w):length(l),width(w){}  
    virtual double area()const  
    {  
     return length*width;  
    }  
protected:  
    double length;  
    double width;  
};  
class Triangle:public Shape  
{  
public:  
    Triangle(double d,double h):dibian(d),height(h){}  
    virtual double area() const  
    {  
     return 0.5*dibian*height;  
    }  
protected:  
    double dibian;  
    double height;  
};  
class Square:public Shape{  
public:  
    Square(double s):side(s){}  
    virtual double area() const  
    {  
     return side*side;  
    }  
protected:  
    double side;  
};  
class Trapezoid:public Shape  
{  
public:  
    Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottem(b),height(h){}  
    virtual double area() const  
    {  
     return 0.5*(top+bottem)*height;  
    }  
protected:  
    double top,bottem,height;  
};  
void display(const Shape &s)  
{  
 cout<<s.area()<<endl;  
}  
int main()  
{  
 Circle c(4);  
 Rectangle r(2,4);  
 Triangle t(1,2);  
 Square s(2);  
 Trapezoid tt(1,2,3);  
 Shape *p[5]={&c,&r,&t,&s,&tt};  
 double area=0.0;  
 for(int i=0;i<5;i++)  
 {  
  area=area+p[i]->area();  
 }  
 cout<<"the sum of area is "<<area<<endl;  
 return 0;  
} 

<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150526202639607" alt="" />