golang实现反向代理服务器（API网关），负载均衡

API网关在微服务系统中是必要的组件，承担了负载均衡，反向代理，统计，鉴权，监控等等职责。此处只就反向代理的功能做一个实现。

主要用到httputil.ReverseProxy对象。它的Director表示要重定向到的操作，ModifyResponse是你可以操作返回的结果。

proxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(target)

查看源码会发现 NewSingleHostReverseProxy() 的实现中，对req.URL.Path的包装不太符合实际需求，于是需要自己来实现 Director。另外此方法返回的ReverseProxy对象并没有实现ModifyResponse。

一个简单的反向代理服务器：

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httputil"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
)

type handle struct {
	host string
	port string
}

type Service struct {
	auth *handle
	user *handle
}

func (s *Service) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var target *url.URL
	if strings.Contains(r.RequestURI, "/api/stats") {
		target, _ = url.Parse("http://" + s.auth.host + ":" + s.auth.port + "/show/stats")
	} else if strings.Contains(r.RequestURI, "/api/autoCommentList") {
		target, _ = url.Parse("http://" + s.user.host + ":" + s.user.port + "/show/autoCommentList")
	} else {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "404 Not Found")
		return
	}

	// RawQuery 为地址栏上的参数，去除了问号
	targetQuery := target.RawQuery
	director := func(req *http.Request) {
		// req.URL 中 Schema, Host都是空的，Path 有值
		req.URL.Scheme = target.Scheme
		req.URL.Host = target.Host
		req.URL.Path = target.Path
		if targetQuery == "" || req.URL.RawQuery == "" {
			req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + req.URL.RawQuery
		} else {
			req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + "&" + req.URL.RawQuery
		}
	}

	proxy := &httputil.ReverseProxy{Director: director}

	proxy.ModifyResponse = func(response *http.Response) error {
		cont, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
		fmt.Println(string(cont))

		response.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(cont))
		return nil
	}
	proxy.ServeHTTP(w, r)
}

func startServer() {
	service := &Service{
		auth: &handle{host: "127.0.0.1", port: "8007"},
		user: &handle{host: "127.0.0.1", port: "8007"},
	}
	err := http.ListenAndServe(":8888", service)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalln("ListenAndServe: ", err)
	}
}

func main() {
	startServer()
}

详细代码见：https://github.com/phprao/gateway/blob/master/plugin/router.go