定向输出方法(find命令，如何放置正确错误输入)

 本次实验使用普通用户输入

[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ find /etc/ -name passwd
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sssd’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd
find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/nftables’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ 

有俩正确输出
 

/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd

有些permittion denined

find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied

没权限，看这个audit上的叉叉，想打开的话要输入超级用户密码，不输入就打不开

正确的输出放在pid/fd/1,错误的放在pid/fd/2里（pid代指当前进程的ID）

那么，如何把正确输出存放到指定文件中，而不是放在上面默认的文件里？

比如放在还没存在的westos.out里头，指令执行的时候顺便自己就建立了，不用管

find /etc/ -name passwd > westos.out

就用一个大于号，>即可

然后你会发现桌面上出现了一个新文件，就叫做westos.out     ，里面存放着的就是那正确的两条输出

 

错误输出就显示在屏幕上，意味着没被处理

 同理把错误的放到新建一个westos.err里

 会发现，正确输出又出现了，因为find命令执行了两次，相当于做了两个进程。

再同理，把所有正确错误输出都放到新建一个all文件里

那么当定向文件本来就存在时，是否会覆盖原文件内容？

新建一个westos文件，输入点内容“hello westos",然后把正确输出放进去

[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ touch westos
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ vim westos
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ cat westos
hello westos
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ find /etc/ -name passwd > westos
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sssd’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/nftables’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ 

会发现：

[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ cat westos
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd

之前的hello westos没了，证明被覆盖了

不想被覆盖就使用追加，就是把之前的一个大于号变成两个大于号即可：

[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ vim westos
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ cat westos
hello westos
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ find /etc/ -name passwd >> westos
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sssd’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/nftables’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ cat westos
hello westos
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ 

新内容就放在了旧内容后头

错误的输出追加，就改成passwd2

[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ find /etc/ -name passwd 2>> westos
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd

就变成下面这样了：

[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ cat westos
hello westos
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd
find: ‘/etc/pki/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/grub.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/archive’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/backup’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/lvm/cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sssd’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/dhcp’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/rules.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/nftables’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/audit’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/sudoers.d’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/firewalld’: Permission denied
[xizi1314@localhost 桌面]$ 

追加所有信息，变成&>>即可

 find /etc/ -name passwd &>> westos

覆盖原文件内容叫定向，不覆盖叫追加。