>>> a={"a":1,"b":2}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2}>>>type(a)<class'dict'>
2 dict 常用的运算
(1)字典取元素时通过key来取
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2}>>> a["a"]1>>> a["b"]2
(2)len() 函数计算字典中key-value对的数量
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}>>> a
{'a':10,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}>>>len(a)4
(3)max() 函数计算字典中key的最大值
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}>>> a
{'a':10,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}>>>max(a)'d'
(4)min() 函数计算字典中key的最小值
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}>>> a
{'a':10,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}>>>min(a)'a'
(5) in, not in 针对字典的key判断字典中是否有给定的key
{'a':10,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}>>>"a"in a
True>>>10in a
False>>>"b"in a
True>>>10notin a
True
3 字典中常用函数
(1)clear() ,将字典清空
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2}>>> a.clear()>>> a
{}
(2)copy() 返回字典的一个浅拷贝
>>> a={"a":1,"b":[1,2,3]}>>> b=a.copy()>>> a
{'a':1,'b':[1,2,3]}>>> b
{'a':1,'b':[1,2,3]}>>> a["b"].append(4)>>> a
{'a':1,'b':[1,2,3,4]}>>> b
{'a':1,'b':[1,2,3,4]}>>> a["a"]=100>>> a
{'a':100,'b':[1,2,3,4]}>>> b
{'a':1,'b':[1,2,3,4]}
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":5}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':5}>>> b=a.get("a")>>> b
1>>> b=a.get("a",10)>>> b
1>>> b=a.get("f")>>> b
>>> b=a.get("f",100)>>> b
100
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}>>> b=a.pop("a")>>> b
1>>> a
{'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}>>> b=a.pop("f",100)>>> b
100>>> a
{'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}>>> b=a.pop("f")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1,in<module>
KeyError:'f'
(6)update(list or dict), 将一个二元组的列表或者字典更新至现有的字典中
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2}>>> b={"c":3,"d":4}>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2}>>> b
{'c':3,'d':4}>>> a.update(b)>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4}>>> b
{'c':3,'d':4}>>> c=[(1,2),(3,4)]>>> a.update(c)>>> a
{'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,1:2,3:4}
>>> a={1:2,3:4,5:6}>>> a
{1:2,3:4,5:6}>>> b=a.popitem()>>> b
(5,6)>>> a
{1:2,3:4}>>> c=a.popitem()>>> c
(3,4)>>> a
{1:2}>>> d=a.popitem()>>> d
(1,2)>>> a
{}>>> e=a.popitem()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1,in<module>
KeyError:'popitem(): dictionary is empty'
>>> a={1:2,3:4}>>> b=a.setdefault(2)>>> b
>>> a
{1:2,3:4,2:None}>>> b=a.setdefault(4,5)>>> b
5>>> a
{1:2,3:4,2:None,4:5}>>> b=a.setdefault(1,100)>>> b
2>>> a
{1:2,3:4,2:None,4:5}
(9)keys() 返回字典key列表的一个对象,可通过list方法转换为key的列表
>>> a={"a":1,"b":2,"c":3}>>> b=a.keys()>>> b
dict_keys(['a','b','c'])>>>type(b)<class'dict_keys'>>>>list(b)['a','b','c']