一、定义
管道是单向的、先进先出的。它将一个程序的输入和另一个程序的输出连接起来。数据被一个进程读出后,将被从管道中删除。分为无名和有名管道两种。前者用于父进程和子进程间的通信,后者用于同一系统的两个进程间通信。
二、无名管道
int pipe(int fd[2]);
其中,fd[0]用于读管道,fd[1]用于写管道。若成功则返回零,否则返回-1,错误原因存于errno中。
三、有名管道:FIFO
int mkfifo(const char* pathname,mode_t mode)
open时使用O_NONBLOCK,访问要求无法满足则立即出错返回。erron是ENXIO。
例子:
- fread.c //读文件
- #include<errno.h>
- #include<memory.h>
- #define FIFO "myfifo"
- main(){
- int fd;
- char buff[100];
- if(access(FIFO,F_OK) == -1){
- mkfifo(FIFO,0777);
- }
- fd=open(FIFO,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK); //设置非阻塞打开,否则当没有输入时,会阻塞在read函数
- int num;
- while(1){
- memset(buff,'\0',100); //如不清空最后的字符会出现乱码
- if((num=read(fd,buff,100))==0){
- printf("waiting.....\n");
- sleep(1);
- continue;
- }
- printf("read %d in fifo , it's %s",num,buff);
- sleep(1);
- }
- }
- fwrite.c //写文件
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<fcntl.h>
- #include<memory.h>
- #define FIFO "myfifo"
- main(){
- int fd;
- char buff[100];
- memset(buff,'\0',100);
- scanf("%s",buff);
- if(access(FIFO,F_OK) == -1){
- mkfifo(FIFO,0777);
- }
- fd=open(FIFO,O_WRONLY);
- int num;
- num=write(fd,buff,strlen(buff));
- printf("%d char is written! It's %s\n",num,buff);
- }
fread.c //读文件 #include<errno.h> #include<memory.h> #define FIFO "myfifo" main(){ int fd; char buff[100]; if(access(FIFO,F_OK) == -1){ mkfifo(FIFO,0777); } fd=open(FIFO,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK); //设置非阻塞打开,否则当没有输入时,会阻塞在read函数 int num; while(1){ memset(buff,'\0',100); //如不清空最后的字符会出现乱码 if((num=read(fd,buff,100))==0){ printf("waiting.....\n"); sleep(1); continue; } printf("read %d in fifo , it's %s",num,buff); sleep(1); } } fwrite.c //写文件 #include<stdio.h> #include<fcntl.h> #include<memory.h> #define FIFO "myfifo" main(){ int fd; char buff[100]; memset(buff,'\0',100); scanf("%s",buff); if(access(FIFO,F_OK) == -1){ mkfifo(FIFO,0777); } fd=open(FIFO,O_WRONLY); int num; num=write(fd,buff,strlen(buff)); printf("%d char is written! It's %s\n",num,buff); }
4、管道关闭:用close()关闭相应的文件描述符即可。