HDU6362 oval-and-rectangle(2018HDU多校联赛第六场，数学,积分)

Problem Description

Patrick Star find an oval.
The half of longer axes is on the x-axis with length a.
The half of shorter axes is on the y-axis with length b.
Patrick Star plan to choose a real number c randomly from [0,b], after that, Patrick Star will get a rectangle :
\1. The four vertexes of it are on the outline of the oval.
\2. The two sides of it parallel to coordinate axis.
\3. One of its side is y=c.
Patrick Star want to know the expectations of the rectangle’s perimeter.

Input

The first line contain a integer T (no morn than 10), the following is T test case, for each test case :
Each line contains contains two integer a, b (0

Output

For each test case output one line denotes the expectations of the rectangle’s perimeter .
You should keep exactly 6 decimal digits and ignore the remain decimal digits.
It is guaranted that the 7-th decimal digit of answer wont be 0 or 9.

Sample Input

1
2 1

Sample Output

8.283185

思路

留下了数学渣的泪水…

题目给了一个椭圆,然后让你求内接矩形的周长的期望，($a,b$已知)

做法是先把椭圆的周长加起来再除以变化范围。

比如这个图，我们知道焦点在$x$轴的椭圆的公式为$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1$,而$y$的变化范围是$[0,b]$,那么由公式变形可以知道:

$x^2=a^2*(1-\frac{y^2}{b^2})$

$x= a\sqrt{1-\frac{y^2}{b^2}}$

然后就可以知道椭圆上的点的坐标为$(a\sqrt{1-\frac{y^2}{b^2}},y)$

那么周长为:

$C = 4(x+y) = 4y + 4a\sqrt{1-\frac{y^2}{b^2}}$

然后就需要求出积分:

$\int_{y=0}^{b}(4*y+4a*\sqrt{1 - \frac{y^2}{b^2}})dy$

换元，设$y = bsin(\alpha)$, $dy = bcos(\alpha)d\alpha$.

原式 $= \int_{\alpha = 0}^{1/2\pi}(4b*sin(\alpha) + 4a*cos(\alpha))bcos(\alpha)d\alpha$

$= \int_{\alpha = 0}^{1/2\pi}(2b^2*sin(2\alpha) + 2ab*(cos(2\alpha) + 1))d\alpha$

$= [-b^2cos(2\alpha)+ab(sin(2\alpha)+2\alpha)]_{0}^{1/2\pi}$

$= [b^2 + \pi ab] - [- b^2]$

$= 2b^2 + \pi ab$

因为变化范围是$[0,b]$,所以最后算期望除以 $b$ 。

$= 2b + \pi a$

代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define mem(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
typedef long long ll;
const double pi=acos(-1.0);
const int N=1e5+10;
void solve()
{
    double a,b;
    scanf("%lf%lf",&a,&b);
    double ans=2*b+pi*a;
    printf("%.6f\n",ans-0.0000005);
}
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)solve();
    return 0;
}