首先需要明确一点alloc_flags和gfp_mask之间的区别,gfp_mask是使用alloc_pages申请内存时所传递的申请标记,而alloc_flags是在内存管理子系统内部使用的另一个标记,二者是不同的,当然alloc_flags也是从gfp_mask经过计算得到的。
关于alloc_flags的定义有如下几个:
/* The ALLOC_WMARK bits are used as an index to zone->watermark */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_MIN WMARK_MIN
#define ALLOC_WMARK_LOW WMARK_LOW
#define ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH WMARK_HIGH
#define ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS 0x04 /* don't check watermarks at all */
#define ALLOC_HARDER 0x10 /* try to alloc harder */
#define ALLOC_HIGH 0x20 /* __GFP_HIGH set */
#define ALLOC_CPUSET 0x40 /* check for correct cpuset */
#define ALLOC_CMA 0x80 /* allow allocations from CMA areas */
#define ALLOC_FAIR 0x100 /* fair zone allocation */
那么获取alloc_flags的地方就是在gfp_to_alloc_flags中:
static inline int
gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
int alloc_flags = ALLOC_WMARK_MIN | ALLOC_CPUSET;
const bool atomic = !(gfp_mask & (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_NO_KSWAPD));
/* __GFP_HIGH is assumed to be the same as ALLOC_HIGH to save a branch. */
BUILD_BUG_ON(__GFP_HIGH != (__force gfp_t) ALLOC_HIGH);
/*
* The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
* cannot run direct reclaim, or if the caller has realtime scheduling
* policy or is asking for __GFP_HIGH memory. GFP_ATOMIC requests will
* set both ALLOC_HARDER (atomic == true) and ALLOC_HIGH (__GFP_HIGH).
*/
alloc_flags |= (__force int) (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH);
if (atomic) {
/*
* Not worth trying to allocate harder for __GFP_NOMEMALLOC even
* if it can't schedule.
*/
if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))
alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;
/*
* Ignore cpuset mems for GFP_ATOMIC rather than fail, see the
* comment for __cpuset_node_allowed_softwall().
*/
alloc_flags &= ~ALLOC_CPUSET;
} else if (unlikely(rt_task(current)) && !in_interrupt())
alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;
if (likely(!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))) {
if (gfp_mask & __GFP_MEMALLOC)
alloc_flags |= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;
else if (in_serving_softirq() && (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC))
alloc_flags |= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;
else if (!in_interrupt() &&
((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) ||
unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))))
alloc_flags |= ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
if (allocflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask) == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CMA;
#endif
return alloc_flags;
}
这里我主要讲解ALLOC_HARDER和ALLOC_HIGH,这两个标记都是用来表示在申请内存时判断zone中是否存在合适的内存做判断使用的。
static bool __zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags, long free_pages)
{
/* free_pages my go negative - that's OK */
long min = mark;
long lowmem_reserve = z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx];
int o;
long free_cma = 0;
free_pages -= (1 << order) - 1;
if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HIGH)
min -= min / 2;
if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HARDER)
min -= min / 4;
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
/* If allocation can't use CMA areas don't use free CMA pages */
if (!(alloc_flags & ALLOC_CMA))
free_cma = zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES);
#endif
if (free_pages - free_cma <= min + lowmem_reserve)
return false;
for (o = 0; o < order; o++) {
/* At the next order, this order's pages become unavailable */
free_pages -= z->free_area[o].nr_free << o;
/* Require fewer higher order pages to be free */
min >>= 1;
if (free_pages <= min)
return false;
}
return true;
}
对于ALLOC_HARDER来说它把watermark水位减去了1/4,而对于ALLOC_HIGH来说,它把保留水位值再减少了1/2,这两个标记按照不同程度来减少保留内存数量,从而达到了更容易成功申请内存的目的。
如果单独设置,从这里也可以看出ALLOC_HIGH是比ALLOC_HARDER更加激进的内存申请方式。但是一般我们申请时设置的GFP_ATOMIC实际上会同时设置ALLOC_HARDER 和 ALLOC_HIGH 标记。