IPC之ContentProvider
ContentProvider因为是Android提供不同应用间数据共享的方式，所以它天生就适合IPC，ContentProvider的底层实现就是Binder，但它的使用比AIDL简单的多。
系统预置了许多ContentProvider，比如通讯录信息，日程表信息，要跨进程访问只需通过ContentResolver的query、update、insert和delete方法即可。下面来讲讲它在IPC中的应用。
- 首先我们自定义一个Provider，叫BookProvider
只需要继承ContentProvider类并实现其中的六个方法：onCreate、query、update、insert、delete、getType。getType就是返回一个Uri请求所对应的MIME类型（媒体类型比如图片、声音）。
根据Binder的工作原理，onCreate被系统调用并启动于主线程，而其它的五个方法均被外界回调并运行在Binder线程池中。
ContentProvider主要以表格的形式来组织数据，并且包含很多表，对每个表来说，它们都具有行和列的层次性。它还支持文件数据，比如图片视频。ContentProvider代码如下：
public class BookProvider2 extends ContentProvider {
private static final String TAG = "BookProvider";
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
Log.d(TAG,"onCreate,current thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
return true;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String[] projection, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs, @Nullable String sortOrder) {
Log.d(TAG,"query,current thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
return null;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) {
Log.d(TAG,"getType");
return null;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values) {
Log.d(TAG,"insert");
return null;
}
@Override
public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
Log.d(TAG,"delete");
return 0;
}
@Override
public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues values, @Nullable String selection, @Nullable String[] selectionArgs) {
Log.d(TAG,"update");
return 0;
}
}接着来注册BookProvider，给其属性添加值，其中authorities是唯一标识。并加上了权限permission：如果外界应用想要访问这个Provider则必须要声明这个权限。
<provider
android:name=".BookProvider2"
android:authorities="com.rikka.contentprovider1.BookProvider2"
android:permission="com.rikka.PROVIDER"
android:process=":provider"/>接着来创建一个Activity来调用这个BookProvider2
public class ProviderActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.rikka.contentprovider1.BookProvider2");
getContentResolver().query(uri,null,null,null,null);
getContentResolver().query(uri,null,null,null,null);
getContentResolver().query(uri,null,null,null,null);
}
}通过query方法去查询BookProvider2中的数据，其中Uri中的内容唯一标识了Provider，这就是Provider的authorities的值。
这里讲一下：ContentProvider中的的方法是隐式的，所以用一般上述代码的情况去调用并不会出现BookProvider中的log日志，因为它执行与别的线程之中。但里面的方法还是会实现的。也就是BooKProvider的调用实现成功。
2. 为了更好的管理BookProvider，我们需要一个数据库。代码如下：
package com.rikka.contentprovider1;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
public class DbOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
private static final String DB_NAME = "book_provider2.db";
public static final String BOOK_TABLE_NAME = "book";
public static final String USER_TABLE_NAME = "user";
private static final int DB_VERSION = 1;
private String CREATE_BOOK_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS" +
BOOK_TABLE_NAME + "( _id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT )";
private String CREATE_USER_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS" +
USER_TABLE_NAME + "( _id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY," + "name TEXT," +
"sex INT )";
public DbOpenHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
super(context, name, factory, version);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK_TABLE);
db.execSQL(CREATE_USER_TABLE);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
}
}
这里写了一个数据库，我们将它用作BookProvider2管理的数据库，里面有两个表Book，User，用户如何来区分的去操作这两个表呢？答案是Uri和Uri_Code，ContentProvider会给每个表单独的设置Uri，Uri_Code并用UriMatcher的addUri来让他们关联，外界来访问数据的时候可以通过Uri，Uri关联Uri_Code来访问每个表的数据。
这时候BookProvider中这样加Uri和Code
public class BookProvider2 extends ContentProvider {
private static final String TAG = "BookProvider";
public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.rikka.contentprovider1.BookProvider2";
public static final Uri Book_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book");
public static final Uri USER_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/user");
public static final int BOOK_URI_CODE = 0; //book的uri_code
public static final int USER_URI_CODE = 1; //user的uri_code
private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
static {
sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book",BOOK_URI_CODE);
sUriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"user",USER_URI_CODE);
}上面为Book和User指定了Uri，Uri_code。这时候外界想操作数据了，他们传了个URI进来，我们通过解析这个URI来得到外界想要操作的表。
/**
* 通过外界访问的Uri->Uri_Code->想要操作的表名
* @return
*/
public String getTableName(Uri uri){
String tableName = null;
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
case BOOK_URI_CODE:
tableName = DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME;
break;
case USER_URI_CODE:
tableName = DbOpenHelper.USER_TABLE_NAME;
break;
default:
break;
}
return tableName;
}这时候就可以进行CRUD操作了，首先修改query，先通过Uri找到想外界要操作的表，然后通过传递的参数来进行数据库查询：
private DbOpenHelper dbhelper;
private SQLiteDatabase db;
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
Log.d(TAG,"query,current thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
String table = getTableName(uri);
if(table == null){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI:" + uri);
}
db = dbhelper.getWritableDatabase();
return db.query(table,projection,selection,selectionArgs,sortOrder,null,null);
}关于其他3个方法都涉及到数据源的改变，可以通过ContentResolver的notifyChange来通知外界当前ContentProvider的数据发生了改变。可以通过CotnentResolver的registerContentObserver来注册观察者，unregisterContentObserver来解除观察者。
接下来来添加数据
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
Log.d(TAG,"onCreate,current thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
mContext = getContext();
initProviderData();
return true;
}
private void initProviderData() {
db = new DbOpenHelper(mContext).getWritableDatabase();
db.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.BOOK_TABLE_NAME);
db.execSQL("delete from " + DbOpenHelper.USER_TABLE_NAME);
db.execSQL("insert into book values(3,'Android');" );
db.execSQL("insert into book values(4,'IOS');");
db.execSQL("insert into book values(5,'Html5');");
db.execSQL("insert into user values(1,'jake',1);");
db.execSQL("insert into user values(2,'jasmine',0);");
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
Log.d(TAG,"update");
String table = getTableName(uri);
if(table == null){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI:" + uri);
}
int row = db.update(table,values,selection,selectionArgs);
if(row > 0 ){
mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null);
}
return row;
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
Log.d(TAG,"insert");
String table = getTableName(uri);
if(table == null){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI:" + uri);
}
db.insert(table,null,values);
mContext.getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null);
return uri;
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
Log.d(TAG,"delete");
String table = getTableName(uri);
if(table == null){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI:" + uri);
}
int count = db.delete(table,selection,selectionArgs);
if(count > 0){
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null);
}
return count;
}最后在Activity中去调用他们
public class ProviderActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Uri bookuri = Uri.parse("content://com.rikka.contentprovider1.BookProvider2/book");
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("_id",6);
values.put("name","RikkaOvO");
getContentResolver().insert(bookuri,values);
Cursor bookCursor = getContentResolver().query(bookuri,new String[]{"_id","name"},null,null,null);
while (bookCursor.moveToNext()){
Book book = new Book();
book.bookId = bookCursor.getInt(0);
book.bookName = bookCursor.getString(1);
Log.e(TAG,"query book :" + book.toString());
}
bookCursor.close();
Uri useruri = Uri.parse("content://com.rikka.contentprovider1.BookProvider2/user");
Cursor userCursor = getContentResolver().query(useruri,new String[]{"_id","name","sex"},null,null,null);
while (userCursor.moveToNext()){
User user = new User();
user.userId = userCursor.getInt(0);
user.userName = userCursor.getString(1);
user.isMale = userCursor.getInt(2);
Log.e(TAG,"query uesr :" + user.toString());
}
userCursor.close();
}
}接下来为Log结果
至此完成了自定义ContentProvider，一种IPC的实现方式。
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