【算法详解】求解数值的整数次方

1. 问题描述

实现函数：

double power(double base,int exponent)

求base的exponent次方，不使用库函数，不考虑大数问题。

2. 解法1

考虑边界问题；

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

#define DBL_MIN 0.000001

double power(double base, int exponent)
{
    if ( base < DBL_MIN && base > -DBL_MIN)
    {
        return 0.0;
    }
    
    double result = 1.0;
    
    int unsignedExponent = exponent;
    if (exponent < 0)
    {
        unsignedExponent = -exponent;
    }
    
    for (int i = 1; i < unsignedExponent; i++)
    {
        result *= base;
    }
    
    if (exponent < 0)
    {
        result = 1.0 / result;
    }
    
    return result;
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    double base = 12.0;
    int exponent = -2;
    
    cout<<"base = "<<base<<"; exponent = "<<exponent<<"; The result is: "<<power(base, exponent)<<endl;
    
    base = 0.0;
    exponent = 2;
    
    cout<<"base = "<<base<<"; exponent = "<<exponent<<"; The result is: "<<power(base, exponent)<<endl;
    
    base = -0.000000009;
    exponent = 12;
    
    cout<<"base = "<<base<<"; exponent = "<<exponent<<"; The result is: "<<power(base, exponent)<<endl;
    
    return 0;
}

2. 解法2

假设求解32次方，如果已知16次方，那么只要在16次方的基础上再平方一次就可以了，而16次方是8次方的平方，一次类推。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

#define DBL_MIN 0.000001

double powerUnsignedExponent(double base, int exponent)
{
    if (exponent == 0)
    {
        return 1.0;
    }
    
    if (exponent == 1)
    {
        return base;
    }
    
    // exponent >> 1 == exponent / 2
    double result = powerUnsignedExponent(base, exponent>>1);
    result *= result;
    
    // if exponent is odd
    if ((exponent & 0x01) == 1)
    {
        result *= base;
    }
    
    return result;
}

double power(double base, int exponent)
{
    if ( base < DBL_MIN && base > -DBL_MIN)
    {
        return 0.0;
    }
    
    double result = 1.0;
    
    int unsignedExponent = exponent;
    if (exponent < 0)
    {
        unsignedExponent = -exponent;
    }
    
    result = powerUnsignedExponent(base, unsignedExponent);
    
    if (exponent < 0)
    {
        result = 1.0 / result;
    }
    
    return result;
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    double base = 12.0;
    int exponent = -2;
    
    cout<<"base = "<<base<<"; exponent = "<<exponent<<"; The result is: "<<power(base, exponent)<<endl;
    
    base = 0.0;
    exponent = 2;
    
    cout<<"base = "<<base<<"; exponent = "<<exponent<<"; The result is: "<<power(base, exponent)<<endl;
    
    base = -0.000000009;
    exponent = 12;
    
    cout<<"base = "<<base<<"; exponent = "<<exponent<<"; The result is: "<<power(base, exponent)<<endl;
    
    return 0;
}

参考：《剑指offer 名企面试官精讲典型编程题》 - 面试题11：数值的整数次方