Scala 文件写入
//文件写入
val writer = new PrintWriter(new File("learningScala.txt"))
for(i <- 1 to 100)
writer.println(i)
writer.close()
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报错:
Error:(28, 38) not found: type File
val writer = new PrintWriter(new File("learningScala.txt"))
^
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- 解决方法:
添加Java包:
import java.io.PrintWriter
import java.io.File
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运行成功截图:
PrintWriter()方法源码如下:
/**
* Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the
* specified file. This convenience constructor creates the necessary
* intermediate {@link java.io.OutputStreamWriter OutputStreamWriter},
* which will encode characters using the {@linkplain
* java.nio.charset.Charset#defaultCharset() default charset} for this
* instance of the Java virtual machine.
*
* @param file
* The file to use as the destination of this writer. If the file
* exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new
* file will be created. The output will be written to the file
* and is buffered.
*
* @throws FileNotFoundException
* If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable
* regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be
* created, or if some other error occurs while opening or
* creating the file
*
* @throws SecurityException
* If a security manager is present and {@link
* SecurityManager#checkWrite checkWrite(file.getPath())}
* denies write access to the file
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public PrintWriter(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
this(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file))),
false);
}
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控制台操作
//控制台交互
print("Please enter your input:")
val line=Console.readLine()
println("Thanks,you just typed:"+line)
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- 附录:Console - package scala
/* __ *\
** ________ ___ / / ___ Scala API **
** / __/ __// _ | / / / _ | (c) 2003-2013, LAMP/EPFL **
** __\ \/ /__/ __ |/ /__/ __ | http://scala-lang.org/ **
** /____/\___/_/ |_/____/_/ | | **
** |/ **
\* */
package scala
import java.io.{ BufferedReader, InputStream, InputStreamReader, OutputStream, PrintStream, Reader }
import scala.io.{ AnsiColor, StdIn }
import scala.util.DynamicVariable
/** Implements functionality for
* printing Scala values on the terminal as well as reading specific values.
* Also defines constants for marking up text on ANSI terminals.
*
* @author Matthias Zenger
* @version 1.0, 03/09/2003
*/
object Console extends DeprecatedConsole with AnsiColor {
private val outVar = new DynamicVariable[PrintStream](java.lang.System.out)
private val errVar = new DynamicVariable[PrintStream](java.lang.System.err)
private val inVar = new DynamicVariable[BufferedReader](
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(java.lang.System.in)))
protected def setOutDirect(out: PrintStream): Unit = outVar.value = out
protected def setErrDirect(err: PrintStream): Unit = errVar.value = err
protected def setInDirect(in: BufferedReader): Unit = inVar.value = in
/** The default output, can be overridden by `setOut` */
def out = outVar.value
/** The default error, can be overridden by `setErr` */
def err = errVar.value
/** The default input, can be overridden by `setIn` */
def in = inVar.value
/** Sets the default output stream for the duration
* of execution of one thunk.
*
* @example {{{
* withOut(Console.err) { println("This goes to default _error_") }
* }}}
*
* @param out the new output stream.
* @param thunk the code to execute with
* the new output stream active
* @return the results of `thunk`
* @see `withOut[T](out:OutputStream)(thunk: => T)`
*/
def withOut[T](out: PrintStream)(thunk: =>T): T =
outVar.withValue(out)(thunk)
/** Sets the default output stream for the duration
* of execution of one thunk.
*
* @param out the new output stream.
* @param thunk the code to execute with
* the new output stream active
* @return the results of `thunk`
* @see `withOut[T](out:PrintStream)(thunk: => T)`
*/
def withOut[T](out: OutputStream)(thunk: =>T): T =
withOut(new PrintStream(out))(thunk)
/** Set the default error stream for the duration
* of execution of one thunk.
* @example {{{
* withErr(Console.out) { println("This goes to default _out_") }
* }}}
*
* @param err the new error stream.
* @param thunk the code to execute with
* the new error stream active
* @return the results of `thunk`
* @see `withErr[T](err:OutputStream)(thunk: =>T)`
*/
def withErr[T](err: PrintStream)(thunk: =>T): T =
errVar.withValue(err)(thunk)
/** Sets the default error stream for the duration
* of execution of one thunk.
*
* @param err the new error stream.
* @param thunk the code to execute with
* the new error stream active
* @return the results of `thunk`
* @see `withErr[T](err:PrintStream)(thunk: =>T)`
*/
def withErr[T](err: OutputStream)(thunk: =>T): T =
withErr(new PrintStream(err))(thunk)
/** Sets the default input stream for the duration
* of execution of one thunk.
*
* @example {{{
* val someFile:Reader = openFile("file.txt")
* withIn(someFile) {
* // Reads a line from file.txt instead of default input
* println(readLine)
* }
* }}}
*
* @param thunk the code to execute with
* the new input stream active
*
* @return the results of `thunk`
* @see `withIn[T](in:InputStream)(thunk: =>T)`
*/
def withIn[T](reader: Reader)(thunk: =>T): T =
inVar.withValue(new BufferedReader(reader))(thunk)
/** Sets the default input stream for the duration
* of execution of one thunk.
*
* @param in the new input stream.
* @param thunk the code to execute with
* the new input stream active
* @return the results of `thunk`
* @see `withIn[T](reader:Reader)(thunk: =>T)`
*/
def withIn[T](in: InputStream)(thunk: =>T): T =
withIn(new InputStreamReader(in))(thunk)
/** Prints an object to `out` using its `toString` method.
*
* @param obj the object to print; may be null.
*/
def print(obj: Any) {
out.print(if (null == obj) "null" else obj.toString())
}
/** Flushes the output stream. This function is required when partial
* output (i.e. output not terminated by a newline character) has
* to be made visible on the terminal.
*/
def flush() { out.flush() }
/** Prints a newline character on the default output.
*/
def println() { out.println() }
/** Prints out an object to the default output, followed by a newline character.
*
* @param x the object to print.
*/
def println(x: Any) { out.println(x) }
/** Prints its arguments as a formatted string to the default output,
* based on a string pattern (in a fashion similar to printf in C).
*
* The interpretation of the formatting patterns is described in
* <a href="" target="contentFrame" class="java/util/Formatter">
* `java.util.Formatter`</a>.
*
* @param text the pattern for formatting the arguments.
* @param args the arguments used to instantiating the pattern.
* @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if there was a problem with the format string or arguments
*/
def printf(text: String, args: Any*) { out.print(text format (args : _*)) }
}
private[scala] abstract class DeprecatedConsole {
self: Console.type =>
/** Internal usage only. */
protected def setOutDirect(out: PrintStream): Unit
protected def setErrDirect(err: PrintStream): Unit
protected def setInDirect(in: BufferedReader): Unit
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readBoolean(): Boolean = StdIn.readBoolean()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readByte(): Byte = StdIn.readByte()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readChar(): Char = StdIn.readChar()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readDouble(): Double = StdIn.readDouble()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readFloat(): Float = StdIn.readFloat()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readInt(): Int = StdIn.readInt()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readLine(): String = StdIn.readLine()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readLine(text: String, args: Any*): String = StdIn.readLine(text, args: _*)
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readLong(): Long = StdIn.readLong()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readShort(): Short = StdIn.readShort()
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readf(format: String): List[Any] = StdIn.readf(format)
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readf1(format: String): Any = StdIn.readf1(format)
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readf2(format: String): (Any, Any) = StdIn.readf2(format)
@deprecated("Use the method in scala.io.StdIn", "2.11.0") def readf3(format: String): (Any, Any, Any) = StdIn.readf3(format)
/** Sets the default output stream.
*
* @param out the new output stream.
*/
@deprecated("Use withOut", "2.11.0") def setOut(out: PrintStream): Unit = setOutDirect(out)
/** Sets the default output stream.
*
* @param out the new output stream.
*/
@deprecated("Use withOut", "2.11.0") def setOut(out: OutputStream): Unit = setOutDirect(new PrintStream(out))
/** Sets the default error stream.
*
* @param err the new error stream.
*/
@deprecated("Use withErr", "2.11.0") def setErr(err: PrintStream): Unit = setErrDirect(err)
/** Sets the default error stream.
*
* @param err the new error stream.
*/
@deprecated("Use withErr", "2.11.0") def setErr(err: OutputStream): Unit = setErrDirect(new PrintStream(err))
/** Sets the default input stream.
*
* @param reader specifies the new input stream.
*/
@deprecated("Use withIn", "2.11.0") def setIn(reader: Reader): Unit = setInDirect(new BufferedReader(reader))
/** Sets the default input stream.
*
* @param in the new input stream.
*/
@deprecated("Use withIn", "2.11.0") def setIn(in: InputStream): Unit = setInDirect(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)))
}
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附录一:本节所有程序源码
package kmust.hjr.learningScala18
import java.io.PrintWriter
import java.io.File
import scala.io.Source
/**
* Created by Administrator on 2015/10/16.
*/
object FileOps {
def main(args:Array[String]){
//文件读取
val file=Source.fromFile("E:\\scalaIO.txt")
for(line <- file.getLines)
{
println(line)
}
file.close
//网络资源读取
//val webFile=Source.fromURL("http://www.baidu.com/")
val webFile=Source.fromURL("http://spark.apache.org")
webFile.foreach(print)
webFile.close()
//文件写入
val writer = new PrintWriter(new File("learningScala.txt"))
for(i <- 1 to 100)
writer.println(i)
writer.close()
//控制台交互
print("Please enter your input:")
val line=Console.readLine()
println("Thanks,you just typed:"+line)
}
}
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附录二: Source.scala源码
/* __ *\
** ________ ___ / / ___ Scala API **
** / __/ __// _ | / / / _ | (c) 2003-2013, LAMP/EPFL **
** __\ \/ /__/ __ |/ /__/ __ | http://scala-lang.org/ **
** /____/\___/_/ |_/____/_/ | | **
** |/ **
\* */
package scala
package io
import scala.collection.AbstractIterator
import java.io.{ FileInputStream, InputStream, PrintStream, File => JFile }
import java.net.{ URI, URL }
/** This object provides convenience methods to create an iterable
* representation of a source file.
*
* @author Burak Emir, Paul Phillips
* @version 1.0, 19/08/2004
*/
object Source {
val DefaultBufSize = 2048
/** Creates a `Source` from System.in.
*/
def stdin = fromInputStream(System.in)
/** Creates a Source from an Iterable.
*
* @param iterable the Iterable
* @return the Source
*/
def fromIterable(iterable: Iterable[Char]): Source = new Source {
val iter = iterable.iterator
} withReset(() => fromIterable(iterable))
/** Creates a Source instance from a single character.
*/
def fromChar(c: Char): Source = fromIterable(Array(c))
/** creates Source from array of characters, with empty description.
*/
def fromChars(chars: Array[Char]): Source = fromIterable(chars)
/** creates Source from a String, with no description.
*/
def fromString(s: String): Source = fromIterable(s)
/** creates Source from file with given name, setting its description to
* filename.
*/
def fromFile(name: String)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource =
fromFile(new JFile(name))(codec)
/** creates Source from file with given name, using given encoding, setting
* its description to filename.
*/
def fromFile(name: String, enc: String): BufferedSource =
fromFile(name)(Codec(enc))
/** creates `ource` from file with given file `URI`.
*/
def fromFile(uri: URI)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource =
fromFile(new JFile(uri))(codec)
/** creates Source from file with given file: URI
*/
def fromFile(uri: URI, enc: String): BufferedSource =
fromFile(uri)(Codec(enc))
/** creates Source from file, using default character encoding, setting its
* description to filename.
*/
def fromFile(file: JFile)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource =
fromFile(file, Source.DefaultBufSize)(codec)
/** same as fromFile(file, enc, Source.DefaultBufSize)
*/
def fromFile(file: JFile, enc: String): BufferedSource =
fromFile(file)(Codec(enc))
def fromFile(file: JFile, enc: String, bufferSize: Int): BufferedSource =
fromFile(file, bufferSize)(Codec(enc))
/** Creates Source from `file`, using given character encoding, setting
* its description to filename. Input is buffered in a buffer of size
* `bufferSize`.
*/
def fromFile(file: JFile, bufferSize: Int)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource = {
val inputStream = new FileInputStream(file)
createBufferedSource(
inputStream,
bufferSize,
() => fromFile(file, bufferSize)(codec),
() => inputStream.close()
)(codec) withDescription ("file:" + file.getAbsolutePath)
}
/** Create a `Source` from array of bytes, decoding
* the bytes according to codec.
*
* @return the created `Source` instance.
*/
def fromBytes(bytes: Array[Byte])(implicit codec: Codec): Source =
fromString(new String(bytes, codec.name))
def fromBytes(bytes: Array[Byte], enc: String): Source =
fromBytes(bytes)(Codec(enc))
/** Create a `Source` from array of bytes, assuming
* one byte per character (ISO-8859-1 encoding.)
*/
def fromRawBytes(bytes: Array[Byte]): Source =
fromString(new String(bytes, Codec.ISO8859.name))
/** creates `Source` from file with given file: URI
*/
def fromURI(uri: URI)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource =
fromFile(new JFile(uri))(codec)
/** same as fromURL(new URL(s))(Codec(enc))
*/
def fromURL(s: String, enc: String): BufferedSource =
fromURL(s)(Codec(enc))
/** same as fromURL(new URL(s))
*/
def fromURL(s: String)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource =
fromURL(new URL(s))(codec)
/** same as fromInputStream(url.openStream())(Codec(enc))
*/
def fromURL(url: URL, enc: String): BufferedSource =
fromURL(url)(Codec(enc))
/** same as fromInputStream(url.openStream())(codec)
*/
def fromURL(url: URL)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource =
fromInputStream(url.openStream())(codec)
/** Reads data from inputStream with a buffered reader, using the encoding
* in implicit parameter codec.
*
* @param inputStream the input stream from which to read
* @param bufferSize buffer size (defaults to Source.DefaultBufSize)
* @param reset a () => Source which resets the stream (if unset, reset() will throw an Exception)
* @param close a () => Unit method which closes the stream (if unset, close() will do nothing)
* @param codec (implicit) a scala.io.Codec specifying behavior (defaults to Codec.default)
* @return the buffered source
*/
def createBufferedSource(
inputStream: InputStream,
bufferSize: Int = DefaultBufSize,
reset: () => Source = null,
close: () => Unit = null
)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource = {
// workaround for default arguments being unable to refer to other parameters
val resetFn = if (reset == null) () => createBufferedSource(inputStream, bufferSize, reset, close)(codec) else reset
new BufferedSource(inputStream, bufferSize)(codec) withReset resetFn withClose close
}
def fromInputStream(is: InputStream, enc: String): BufferedSource =
fromInputStream(is)(Codec(enc))
def fromInputStream(is: InputStream)(implicit codec: Codec): BufferedSource =
createBufferedSource(is, reset = () => fromInputStream(is)(codec), close = () => is.close())(codec)
}
/** An iterable representation of source data.
* It may be reset with the optional `reset` method.
*
* Subclasses must supply [[scala.io.Source@iter the underlying iterator]].
*
* Error handling may be customized by overriding the [[scala.io.Source@report report]] method.
*
* The [[scala.io.Source@ch current input]] and [[scala.io.Source@pos position]],
* as well as the [[scala.io.Source@next next character]] methods delegate to
* [[scala.io.Source$Positioner the positioner]].
*
* The default positioner encodes line and column numbers in the position passed to `report`.
* This behavior can be changed by supplying a
* [[scala.io.Source@withPositioning(pos:Source.this.Positioner):Source.this.type custom positioner]].
*
* @author Burak Emir
* @version 1.0
*/
abstract class Source extends Iterator[Char] {
/** the actual iterator */
protected val iter: Iterator[Char]
// ------ public values
/** description of this source, default empty */
var descr: String = ""
var nerrors = 0
var nwarnings = 0
private def lineNum(line: Int): String = (getLines() drop (line - 1) take 1).mkString
class LineIterator extends AbstractIterator[String] with Iterator[String] {
private[this] val sb = new StringBuilder
lazy val iter: BufferedIterator[Char] = Source.this.iter.buffered
def isNewline(ch: Char) = ch == '\r' || ch == '\n'
def getc() = iter.hasNext && {
val ch = iter.next()
if (ch == '\n') false
else if (ch == '\r') {
if (iter.hasNext && iter.head == '\n')
iter.next()
false
}
else {
sb append ch
true
}
}
def hasNext = iter.hasNext
def next = {
sb.clear()
while (getc()) { }
sb.toString
}
}
/** Returns an iterator who returns lines (NOT including newline character(s)).
* It will treat any of \r\n, \r, or \n as a line separator (longest match) - if
* you need more refined behavior you can subclass Source#LineIterator directly.
*/
def getLines(): Iterator[String] = new LineIterator()
/** Returns `'''true'''` if this source has more characters.
*/
def hasNext = iter.hasNext
/** Returns next character.
*/
def next(): Char = positioner.next()
class Positioner(encoder: Position) {
def this() = this(RelaxedPosition)
/** the last character returned by next. */
var ch: Char = _
/** position of last character returned by next */
var pos = 0
/** current line and column */
var cline = 1
var ccol = 1
/** default col increment for tabs '\t', set to 4 initially */
var tabinc = 4
def next(): Char = {
ch = iter.next()
pos = encoder.encode(cline, ccol)
ch match {
case '\n' =>
ccol = 1
cline += 1
case '\t' =>
ccol += tabinc
case _ =>
ccol += 1
}
ch
}
}
/** A Position implementation which ignores errors in
* the positions.
*/
object RelaxedPosition extends Position {
def checkInput(line: Int, column: Int): Unit = ()
}
object RelaxedPositioner extends Positioner(RelaxedPosition) { }
object NoPositioner extends Positioner(Position) {
override def next(): Char = iter.next()
}
def ch = positioner.ch
def pos = positioner.pos
/** Reports an error message to the output stream `out`.
*
* @param pos the source position (line/column)
* @param msg the error message to report
* @param out PrintStream to use (optional: defaults to `Console.err`)
*/
def reportError(
pos: Int,
msg: String,
out: PrintStream = Console.err)
{
nerrors += 1
report(pos, msg, out)
}
private def spaces(n: Int) = List.fill(n)(' ').mkString
/**
* @param pos the source position (line/column)
* @param msg the error message to report
* @param out PrintStream to use
*/
def report(pos: Int, msg: String, out: PrintStream) {
val line = Position line pos
val col = Position column pos
out println "%s:%d:%d: %s%s%s^".format(descr, line, col, msg, lineNum(line), spaces(col - 1))
}
/**
* @param pos the source position (line/column)
* @param msg the warning message to report
* @param out PrintStream to use (optional: defaults to `Console.out`)
*/
def reportWarning(
pos: Int,
msg: String,
out: PrintStream = Console.out)
{
nwarnings += 1
report(pos, "warning! " + msg, out)
}
private[this] var resetFunction: () => Source = null
private[this] var closeFunction: () => Unit = null
private[this] var positioner: Positioner = RelaxedPositioner
def withReset(f: () => Source): this.type = {
resetFunction = f
this
}
def withClose(f: () => Unit): this.type = {
closeFunction = f
this
}
def withDescription(text: String): this.type = {
descr = text
this
}
/** Change or disable the positioner. */
def withPositioning(on: Boolean): this.type = {
positioner = if (on) RelaxedPositioner else NoPositioner
this
}
def withPositioning(pos: Positioner): this.type = {
positioner = pos
this
}
/** The close() method closes the underlying resource. */
def close() {
if (closeFunction != null) closeFunction()
}
/** The reset() method creates a fresh copy of this Source. */
def reset(): Source =
if (resetFunction != null) resetFunction()
else throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Source's reset() method was not set.")
}
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