在FFMPEG中定义了一系列的结构体，计划写一些分析结构体的文章，在这里列一个列表：
FFMPEG之结构体解析 --- AVFormatContext
FFMPEG之结构体解析 --- AVInputFormat
FFMPEG之结构体解析 --- AVOutputFormat
FFMPEG之结构体解析 --- AVIOContext
FFMPEG之结构体解析 --- AVStream
AVCodec结构体被定义在libavcodec/avcodec.h文件中，代表一种encoder或者decoder。
/**
* AVCodec.
*/
typedef struct AVCodec {
/**
* Name of the codec implementation.
* The name is globally unique among encoders and among decoders (but an
* encoder and a decoder can share the same name).
* This is the primary way to find a codec from the user perspective.
*/
const char *name;
/**
* Descriptive name for the codec, meant to be more human readable than name.
* You should use the NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL() macro to define it.
*/
const char *long_name;
enum AVMediaType type;
enum AVCodecID id;
/**
* Codec capabilities.
* see AV_CODEC_CAP_*
*/
int capabilities;
const AVRational *supported_framerates; ///< array of supported framerates, or NULL if any, array is terminated by {0,0}
const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts; ///< array of supported pixel formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1
const int *supported_samplerates; ///< array of supported audio samplerates, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by 0
const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; ///< array of supported sample formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1
const uint64_t *channel_layouts; ///< array of support channel layouts, or NULL if unknown. array is terminated by 0
uint8_t max_lowres; ///< maximum value for lowres supported by the decoder
const AVClass *priv_class; ///< AVClass for the private context
const AVProfile *profiles; ///< array of recognized profiles, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by {FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN}
/*****************************************************************
* No fields below this line are part of the public API. They
* may not be used outside of libavcodec and can be changed and
* removed at will.
* New public fields should be added right above.
*****************************************************************
*/
int priv_data_size;
struct AVCodec *next;
/**
* @name Frame-level threading support functions
* @{
*/
/**
* If defined, called on thread contexts when they are created.
* If the codec allocates writable tables in init(), re-allocate them here.
* priv_data will be set to a copy of the original.
*/
int (*init_thread_copy)(AVCodecContext *);
/**
* Copy necessary context variables from a previous thread context to the current one.
* If not defined, the next thread will start automatically; otherwise, the codec
* must call ff_thread_finish_setup().
*
* dst and src will (rarely) point to the same context, in which case memcpy should be skipped.
*/
int (*update_thread_context)(AVCodecContext *dst, const AVCodecContext *src);
/** @} */
/**
* Private codec-specific defaults.
*/
const AVCodecDefault *defaults;
/**
* Initialize codec static data, called from avcodec_register().
*/
void (*init_static_data)(struct AVCodec *codec);
int (*init)(AVCodecContext *);
int (*encode_sub)(AVCodecContext *, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
const struct AVSubtitle *sub);
/**
* Encode data to an AVPacket.
*
* @param avctx codec context
* @param avpkt output AVPacket (may contain a user-provided buffer)
* @param[in] frame AVFrame containing the raw data to be encoded
* @param[out] got_packet_ptr encoder sets to 0 or 1 to indicate that a
* non-empty packet was returned in avpkt.
* @return 0 on success, negative error code on failure
*/
int (*encode2)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt, const AVFrame *frame,
int *got_packet_ptr);
int (*decode)(AVCodecContext *, void *outdata, int *outdata_size, AVPacket *avpkt);
int (*close)(AVCodecContext *);
/**
* Decode/encode API with decoupled packet/frame dataflow. The API is the
* same as the avcodec_ prefixed APIs (avcodec_send_frame() etc.), except
* that:
* - never called if the codec is closed or the wrong type,
* - AVPacket parameter change side data is applied right before calling
* AVCodec->send_packet,
* - if AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY is not set, drain packets or frames are never sent,
* - only one drain packet is ever passed down (until the next flush()),
* - a drain AVPacket is always NULL (no need to check for avpkt->size).
*/
int (*send_frame)(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVFrame *frame);
int (*send_packet)(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVPacket *avpkt);
int (*receive_frame)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVFrame *frame);
int (*receive_packet)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt);
/**
* Flush buffers.
* Will be called when seeking
*/
void (*flush)(AVCodecContext *);
/**
* Internal codec capabilities.
* See FF_CODEC_CAP_* in internal.h
*/
int caps_internal;
} AVCodec;
const char *name; //
codec的名称，对于不同的codec，名称必须唯一，但对于一对encoder/decoder，可以共用一个名称。
const char *long_name; // codec的名称，此名称易于理解，有别于name, 是对name的进一步描述。
enum AVMediaType type; // 代表此codec的媒体类型，定义在libavutil/avutil.h中，常用的媒体类型有video, audio, subtitle等。
enum AVCodecId id; // codec标识符，代表某一种codec类型，encoder对应的decoder可以使用相同的codec id，不同codec对应相同codec id说明他们可以编码或解码相同的媒体流数据，定义在libavcodec/avcodec.h文件中。
int capabilities; // 代表codec的能力，定义在libavcodec/avcodec.h中，每一bit位代表了编码器或解码器所支持的特性。
const AVRational *supported_framerates; // codec对应支持的帧率，帧率用分数来表示，记录了分子和分母。
const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts; // codec支持的输入或者输出的颜色格式，定义在libavutil/pixfmt.h文件中，大部分都是YUV或者RGB颜色格式，少量硬件所支持的特别的颜色格式。
const int *supported_samplerates; // 对于audio codec来说记录codec所支持的音频采样率。
const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; // 代表样本点的数据格式，对于视频常见的是unsigned 8-bti, 音频为signed 16-bit， 定义在libavutil/samplefmt.h中。
const uint64_t *channel_layouts; // 对于audio来说，多声道数据必须指定声道的layout， 定义在libavutil/channel_layout.h文件中,
uint8_t max_lowres;
const AVClass *priv_class; // 对于codec来说priv_class代表encoder/decoder所支持的可选参数AVOption *option;
const AVProfile *profiles; // 对于支持profile的codec来说，此项说明了codec所支持的编解码工具集，定义在libavcodec/profiles.c中。
int priv_data_size; // 指定了AVFormatContext中priv_data指向的数据的长度，一般都是各codec对应的私有结构体。
struct AVCodec *next; // 指向下一个AVCodec对象。
int (*init_thread_copy)(AVCodecContext *);
int (*update_thread_context)(AVCodecContext *dst, const AVCodecContext *src);
const AVCodecDefault *default;
void (*init_static_data)(struct AVCodec *codec); // codec静态数据初始化
int (*init)(AVCodecContext *); // codec初始化函数，申请所必须的资源
int (*encode_sub)(AVCodecContext *, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const struct AVSubtitle *sub); // 字幕解析函数
int (*encode2)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt, const AVFrame *frame, int *got_packet_ptr); // 编码器对应的编码函数
int (*decode)(AVCodecContext *, void *outdata, int *outdata_size, AVPacket *avpkt); // 解码器对应的解码幻术
int (*close)(AVCodecContext *); // 对于codec来说，关闭并释放所申请的资源
int (*send_frame)(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVFrame *frame); // 网络流发送函数
int (*send_packet)(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVPacket *avpkt); // 网络流发送函数
int (*receive_frame)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVFrame *frame); // 网络流接收函数
int (*receive_packet)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt); // 网络流接收函数
void (*flush)(AVcodecContext *); // 在codec关闭之前调用，强制刷新codec来获取缓存在codec中的帧数据。
int caps_internal;
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