这篇文章里主要回顾Spring里Bean的生命周期,并通过一个例子来验证其生命周期。
Bean生命周期:
- Spring调用bean构造器,创建实例对象;
- Spring调用bean的setXxx()方法,将属性注入进该bean;
- 如果bean实现了BeanNameAware接口,则调用执行setBeanName(String beanId)方法;
- 如果bean实现了BeanFactoryAware接口,则调用执行setBeanFactory(BeanFactory factory)方法;
- 如果该bean实现了ApplicationContextAware这个接口,则Spring此时会调用执行setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext arg0)方法;
- 如果容器注册了BeanPostProcessor的实现类(注意这里是容器,而不是bean),则调用执行postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)方法;
- 如果bean实现了InitializingBean接口,Spring将调用afterPropertiesSet()方法;
- 如果bean在配置文件里配置了init-method属性,则执行init-method指定的方法;
- 如果容器注册了BeanPostProcessor的实现类(注意这里是容器,而不是bean),则调用执行postProcessorAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)方法;
- 此时,bean的初始化准备就绪,可以被应用程序使用了,下面的例子里在Main主类里调用Service bean的业务方法service();
- 如果bean实现了DisposableBean接口,Spring将调用destroy()方法;
- 如果bean在配置文件里配置了destroy-method属性,则执行destroy-method指定的方法。
代码验证:
接口:
public interface IService {
}
接口实现类:
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
public class Service implements IService, BeanNameAware, BeanFactoryAware, ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean{
private String service;
public Service(){
System.out.println("Constructor:构造器方法");
}
public void setService(String arg0){
this.service = arg0;
System.out.println("setXxx:setService方法");
}
@Override
public void setBeanName(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("BeanNameAware:setBeanName方法");
}
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("BeanFactoryAware:setBeanFactory方法");
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext arg0) throws BeansException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("ApplicationContextAware:setApplicationContext方法");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("InitializingBean:afterPropertiesSet");
}
public void serviceInit(){
System.out.println("init-method:serviceInit");
}
public void service(){
System.out.println("service:业务方法");
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("DisposableBean:destroy");
}
public void serviceDestroy(){
System.out.println("destroy-method:serviceDestroy");
}
}
Bean后处理器类
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor:bean后处理器before方法");
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor:bean后处理器after方法");
return bean;
}
}
配置文件:config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">
<bean id="service" class="bean.lifecycle.Service" init-method="serviceInit" destroy-method="serviceDestroy">
<property name="service" value="service"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="bean.lifecycle.MyBeanPostProcessor"/>
</beans>
主类:
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config.xml");
Service service = (Service)ac.getBean("service");
service.service();
((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)ac).close();
}
}
代码运行结果:
Constructor:构造器方法
setXxx:setService方法
BeanNameAware:setBeanName方法
BeanFactoryAware:setBeanFactory方法
ApplicationContextAware:setApplicationContext方法
BeanPostProcessor:bean后处理器before方法
InitializingBean:afterPropertiesSet
init-method:serviceInit
BeanPostProcessor:bean后处理器after方法
service:业务方法
DisposableBean:destroy
destroy-method:serviceDestroy
这段代码有几个需要注意的地方:
- BeanPostProcessor必须由另一个类实现,不能由Service类实现,否则的话,容器启动时并不会执行BeanPostProcessor里的两个方法,也就是说BeanPostProcessor的实现类所影响的范围是容器里没有实现BeanPostProcessor接口的类;
- ApplicationContext接口里并没有定义close()方法,但是其实现类里有这个方法,用来关闭容器,容器里的bean直到该容器应用上下文销毁才会被销毁。