滑动验证码是一种常见的验证机制,用于防止自动化脚本进行恶意操作。本文将介绍如何使用Python和Selenium库来破解滑动验证码,具体步骤如下。
准备工作
安装必要的库
首先,确保你已经安装了Selenium和Pillow库。如果还没有安装,可以使用以下命令进行安装:
bash
pip install selenium pillow
下载ChromeDriver
ChromeDriver用于驱动Chrome浏览器。确保下载与Chrome浏览器版本匹配的ChromeDriver,并将其路径添加到系统环境变量中。可以从ChromeDriver官方网站下载。
编写代码
1. 初始化WebDriver
我们首先初始化WebDriver,并设置一些基本选项:
python
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
from PIL import Image
import random
# 初始化WebDriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
2. 截取网页截图
定义一个函数,用于截取整个网页的截图,并从中裁剪出验证码图片:
python
def get_snap(driver):
driver.save_screenshot('snap.png')
img = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_canvas_img')
left = img.location['x']
top = img.location['y']
right = left + img.size['width']
bottom = top + img.size['height']
screenshot = Image.open('snap.png')
captcha = screenshot.crop((left, top, right, bottom))
return captcha
3. 获取完整和有缺口的验证码图片
通过控制图片的显示和隐藏来获取完整和有缺口的验证码图片:
python
def get_image(driver, is_full_bg):
time.sleep(0.2)
js_code = '''
document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style.display="{}";
'''.format('block' if is_full_bg else 'none')
driver.execute_script(js_code)
time.sleep(1)
return get_snap(driver)
def get_image1(driver):
return get_image(driver, True)
def get_image2(driver):
return get_image(driver, False)
4. 计算滑块需要移动的距离
通过比较两张图片的像素差异,计算出滑块需要移动的距离:
python
def get_distance(image1, image2):
for x in range(image1.width):
for y in range(image1.height):
pixel1 = image1.getpixel((x, y))
pixel2 = image2.getpixel((x, y))
if not all(abs(p1 - p2) < 50 for p1, p2 in zip(pixel1, pixel2)):
return x
return 0
5. 生成滑动轨迹
为了使滑动过程更接近人类操作,我们需要生成一个模拟人类滑动的轨迹:
python
def generate_tracks(distance):
tracks = []
current = 0
mid = distance * 3 / 5
t = 0.2
v = 0
while current < distance:
if current < mid:
a = 2
else:
a = -3
v0 = v
v = v0 + a * t
move = v0 * t + 0.5 * a * (t ** 2)
current += move
tracks.append(round(move))
return tracks
6. 执行滑动操作
使用Selenium的ActionChains模拟滑动操作:
python
def perform_slide(driver, tracks):
slider = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_slider_button')
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(slider).perform()
for track in tracks:
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=track, yoffset=0).perform()
time.sleep(0.5) # 停顿一会儿,模拟自然操作
ActionChains(driver).release().perform()
7. 主函数
将所有步骤串联起来,完成整个破解过程:
python
def main():
try:
driver.get('https://example.com/login')
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('your_username')
driver.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('your_password')
driver.find_element_by_id('login_button').click()
time.sleep(2) # 等待滑块验证码加载
image1 = get_image1(driver)
image2 = get_image2(driver)
distance = get_distance(image1, image2)
tracks = generate_tracks(distance)
perform_slide(driver, tracks)
# 添加适当的等待时间,以观察结果
time.sleep(5)
finally:
driver.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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