数据预处理
接下来,我们需要对验证码图片进行预处理。这包括图像增强、裁剪和标准化等步骤。然后,将数据集按照80/20的比例划分为训练集和验证集,以便进行模型训练和评估。
python
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
import os
def load_and_preprocess_data(data_dir, img_height, img_width):
datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1.0/255.0, validation_split=0.2)
train_generator = datagen.flow_from_directory(
data_dir,
target_size=(img_height, img_width),
batch_size=32,
class_mode='categorical',
subset='training')
validation_generator = datagen.flow_from_directory(
data_dir,
target_size=(img_height, img_width),
batch_size=32,
class_mode='categorical',
subset='validation')
return train_generator, validation_generator
data_dir = 'path/to/data'
img_height = 28
img_width = 28
train_data, val_data = load_and_preprocess_data(data_dir, img_height, img_width)
模型构建与训练
我们将使用TensorFlow和Keras构建一个卷积神经网络(CNN)模型来识别验证码图片中的内容。模型的输入是预处理后的图片,输出是对应的验证码内容。在模型构建完成后,我们使用训练集对模型进行训练,并通过验证集评估模型性能。
python
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Flatten, Dense
def build_model(input_shape, num_classes):
model = Sequential([
Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=input_shape),
MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
Flatten(),
Dense(128, activation='relu'),
Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax')
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
return model
input_shape = (img_height, img_width, 3)
num_classes = 10 # 假设验证码是0-9的数字
model = build_model(input_shape, num_classes)
model.summary()
model.fit(train_data, epochs=10, validation_data=val_data)
模型评估与优化
训练完成后,我们需要通过验证集来评估模型的性能。如果模型的性能不佳,我们可以尝试调整模型结构、优化算法或训练参数等来提高模型的性能。
python
import numpy as np
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing import image
def evaluate_model(model, val_data):
val_loss, val_acc = model.evaluate(val_data)
print(f'Validation loss: {val_loss}')
print(f'Validation accuracy: {val_acc}')
evaluate_model(model, val_data)