获取文件信息: 大小, 文件类型等.

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-19 19:16:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-08-19 19:16:26 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/rubikchen/article/details/126283939

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                     stat 
   
    说明 
      
      主要是文件信息.即关于文件本身的信息.
 
      
 来源 
      
      从文件系统中获取.bits/stat.h + sys/stat.h
 
      
 
   
 解析 
   
    struct stat 
      
      struct stat
 {
   __dev_t st_dev;     /* Device.  */
#ifndef __x86_64__
   unsigned short int __pad1;
#endif
#if defined __x86_64__ || !defined __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
   __ino_t st_ino;     /* File serial number.  */
#else
   __ino_t __st_ino;           /* 32bit file serial number.    */
#endif
#ifndef __x86_64__
   __mode_t st_mode;           /* File mode.  */
   __nlink_t st_nlink;         /* Link count.  */
#else
   __nlink_t st_nlink;     /* Link count.  */
   __mode_t st_mode;       /* File mode.  */
#endif
   __uid_t st_uid;     /* User ID of the file's owner. */
   __gid_t st_gid;     /* Group ID of the file's group.*/
#ifdef __x86_64__
   int __pad0;
#endif
   __dev_t st_rdev;        /* Device number, if device.  */
#ifndef __x86_64__
   unsigned short int __pad2;
#endif
#if defined __x86_64__ || !defined __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
   __off_t st_size;            /* Size of file, in bytes.  */
#else
   __off64_t st_size;          /* Size of file, in bytes.  */
#endif
   __blksize_t st_blksize; /* Optimal block size for I/O.  */
#if defined __x86_64__  || !defined __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
   __blkcnt_t st_blocks;       /* Number 512-byte blocks allocated. */
#else
   __blkcnt64_t st_blocks;     /* Number 512-byte blocks allocated. */
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
   /* Nanosecond resolution timestamps are stored in a format
      equivalent to 'struct timespec'.  This is the type used
      whenever possible but the Unix namespace rules do not allow the
      identifier 'timespec' to appear in the <sys/stat.h> header.
      Therefore we have to handle the use of this header in strictly
      standard-compliant sources special.  */
   struct timespec st_atim;        /* Time of last access.  */
   struct timespec st_mtim;        /* Time of last modification.  */
   struct timespec st_ctim;        /* Time of last status change.  */
# define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec    /* Backward compatibility.  */
# define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
# define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
#else
   __time_t st_atime;          /* Time of last access.  */
   __syscall_ulong_t st_atimensec; /* Nscecs of last access.  */
   __time_t st_mtime;          /* Time of last modification.  */
   __syscall_ulong_t st_mtimensec; /* Nsecs of last modification.  */
   __time_t st_ctime;          /* Time of last status change.  */
   __syscall_ulong_t st_ctimensec; /* Nsecs of last status change.  */
#endif
#ifdef __x86_64__
   __syscall_slong_t __glibc_reserved[3];
#else
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
   unsigned long int __glibc_reserved4;
   unsigned long int __glibc_reserved5;
# else
   __ino64_t st_ino;           /* File serial number.  */
# endif
#endif
 };
 
       st_dev 设备号,即硬盘设备. 
 st_ino 文件在文件系统中的inode, 即文件系统中的文件编号. 
 st_mode 底下详解. 
 st_nlink 同一个文件系统下的硬链接数量. 
 st_uid 文件所属用户id 
 st_gid 文件所属组id 
 st_rdev 字符设备或者块设备才有. 
 st_size 普通文件则是文件大小; 符号链接则是符号链接保存的路径长度; 共享内存文件则是共享内存大小, 字节; typed memory同样是内存大小,字节; 其他文件类型则无内容. 
 st_atim 最后一次被访问(读)时间, 精确到微秒. 
 st_mtim 最后一次被修改(写)时间, 精确到微秒. 
 st_ctim 最后一次被修改文件属性(chmod)时间, 精确到微秒. 
 st_blksize 当前文件系统最优文件块大小.不同系统大小可能不同. 
 st_blocks 当前文件占用文件块. 
 
      
 st_mode 
      
       首先是位运算进行组合. 
 
      #define __S_IFDIR   0040000 /* Directory.  */
#define __S_IFCHR   0020000 /* Character device.  */
#define __S_IFBLK   0060000 /* Block device.  */
#define __S_IFREG   0100000 /* Regular file.  */
#define __S_IFIFO   0010000 /* FIFO.  */
#define __S_IFLNK   0120000 /* Symbolic link.  */
#define __S_IFSOCK  0140000 /* Socket.  */
#define    __S_IFMT    0170000 /* These bits determine file type.  */
 
       八进制. 表示文件类型. 
 通过和S_FIMT进行位于,然后switch获取对应类型. 
 
            S_IFMT      Type of file.
                  S_IFBLK     Block special.
                  S_IFCHR     Character special.
                  S_IFIFO     FIFO special.
                  S_IFREG     Regular.
                  S_IFDIR     Directory.
                  S_IFLNK     Symbolic link.
                  S_IFSOCK    Socket.
 
      其他信息
 
      #define __S_ISUID   04000   /* Set user ID on execution.  */
#define __S_ISGID   02000   /* Set group ID on execution.  */
#define __S_ISVTX   01000   /* Save swapped text after use (sticky).  */
#define __S_IREAD   0400    /* Read by owner.  */
#define __S_IWRITE  0200    /* Write by owner.  */
#define __S_IEXEC   0100    /* Execute by owner.  */

 
      文件所有者的权限,组权限,其他人的权限. 权限则有: 读写执行任意组合.八进制.
 
      
 外部使用 
      
      #if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
# define S_IFMT     __S_IFMT
# define S_IFDIR    __S_IFDIR
# define S_IFCHR    __S_IFCHR
# define S_IFBLK    __S_IFBLK
# define S_IFREG    __S_IFREG
# ifdef __S_IFIFO
#  define S_IFIFO   __S_IFIFO
# endif
# ifdef __S_IFLNK
#  define S_IFLNK   __S_IFLNK
# endif
# if (defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED) \
    && defined __S_IFSOCK
#  define S_IFSOCK  __S_IFSOCK
# endif
#endif

/* Test macros for file types.  */

#define __S_ISTYPE(mode, mask)  (((mode) & __S_IFMT) == (mask))

#define S_ISDIR(mode)    __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFDIR)
#define S_ISCHR(mode)    __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFCHR)
#define S_ISBLK(mode)    __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFBLK)
#define S_ISREG(mode)    __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFREG)
#ifdef __S_IFIFO
# define S_ISFIFO(mode)  __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFIFO)
#endif
#ifdef __S_IFLNK
# define S_ISLNK(mode)   __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFLNK)
#endif

#if defined __USE_MISC && !defined __S_IFLNK
# define S_ISLNK(mode)  0
#endif

#if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
   && defined __S_IFSOCK
# define S_ISSOCK(mode) __S_ISTYPE((mode), __S_IFSOCK)
#elif defined __USE_XOPEN2K
# define S_ISSOCK(mode) 0
#endif

/* These are from POSIX.1b.  If the objects are not implemented using separate
  distinct file types, the macros always will evaluate to zero.  Unlike the
  other S_* macros the following three take a pointer to a `struct stat'
  object as the argument.  */
#ifdef  __USE_POSIX199309
# define S_TYPEISMQ(buf) __S_TYPEISMQ(buf)
# define S_TYPEISSEM(buf) __S_TYPEISSEM(buf)
# define S_TYPEISSHM(buf) __S_TYPEISSHM(buf)
#endif


/* Protection bits.  */

#define S_ISUID __S_ISUID   /* Set user ID on execution.  */
#define S_ISGID __S_ISGID   /* Set group ID on execution.  */

#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* Save swapped text after use (sticky bit).  This is pretty well obsolete.  */
# define S_ISVTX    __S_ISVTX
#endif

#define S_IRUSR __S_IREAD   /* Read by owner.  */
#define S_IWUSR __S_IWRITE  /* Write by owner.  */
#define S_IXUSR __S_IEXEC   /* Execute by owner.  */
/* Read, write, and execute by owner.  */
#define S_IRWXU (__S_IREAD|__S_IWRITE|__S_IEXEC)

#ifdef __USE_MISC
# define S_IREAD    S_IRUSR
# define S_IWRITE   S_IWUSR
# define S_IEXEC    S_IXUSR
#endif

#define S_IRGRP (S_IRUSR >> 3)  /* Read by group.  */
#define S_IWGRP (S_IWUSR >> 3)  /* Write by group.  */
#define S_IXGRP (S_IXUSR >> 3)  /* Execute by group.  */
/* Read, write, and execute by group.  */
#define S_IRWXG (S_IRWXU >> 3)

#define S_IROTH (S_IRGRP >> 3)  /* Read by others.  */
#define S_IWOTH (S_IWGRP >> 3)  /* Write by others.  */
#define S_IXOTH (S_IXGRP >> 3)  /* Execute by others.  */
/* Read, write, and execute by others.  */
#define S_IRWXO (S_IRWXG >> 3)


#ifdef  __USE_MISC
/* Macros for common mode bit masks.  */
# define ACCESSPERMS (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO) /* 0777 */
# define ALLPERMS (S_ISUID|S_ISGID|S_ISVTX|S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO)/* 07777 */
# define DEFFILEMODE (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH)/* 0666*/

# define S_BLKSIZE  512 /* Block size for `st_blocks'.  */
#endif
 
       定义了一些宏定义和一些简便使用方式. 
 
      
 
   
 案例 
   
    执行 
      
      ch@chvm:~/ch/cppfile/test$ gdb -q ./a.out
Reading symbols from ./a.out...done.
(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x705: file test.cpp, line 5.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/ch/ch/cppfile/test/a.out

Breakpoint 1, main () at test.cpp:5
5       int main() {
(gdb) n
6         const char* pathname = "/root";
(gdb)
9         if( stat( pathname, &info ) != 0 )
(gdb)
11        else if( info.st_mode & S_IFDIR )
(gdb) p info
$1 = {st_dev = 2049, st_ino = 6029313, st_nlink = 5, st_mode = 16832, st_uid = 0, st_gid = 0, __pad0 = 0, st_rdev = 0,
 st_size = 4096, st_blksize = 4096, st_blocks = 8, st_atim = {tv_sec = 1596753951, tv_nsec = 0}, st_mtim = {tv_sec = 1629703454,
   tv_nsec = 266149333}, st_ctim = {tv_sec = 1629703454, tv_nsec = 266149333}, __glibc_reserved = {0, 0, 0}}
(gdb) !stat /root
 File: /root
 Size: 4096            Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   directory
Device: 801h/2049d      Inode: 6029313     Links: 5
Access: (0700/drwx------)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2020-08-07 06:45:51.000000000 +0800
Modify: 2021-08-23 15:24:14.266149333 +0800
Change: 2021-08-23 15:24:14.266149333 +0800
Birth: -
(gdb) !cat test.cpp
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
 const char* pathname = "/root";
 struct stat info;

 if( stat( pathname, &info ) != 0 )
     printf( "cannot access %s\n", pathname );
 else if( info.st_mode & S_IFDIR )
     printf( "%s is a directory\n", pathname );
 else if( info.st_mode & S_IFREG )
     printf( "%s is a file\n", pathname );
 else
     printf( "%s is no directory\n", pathname );
}
 
       首先是编译. 
 设置断点. 
 执行获取信息. 
 这里的st_mode值为16832,应该使用宏定义S_ISDIR(info.st_mode). 
 然后通过指令获取,和程序执行进行对比. 
 
      
 
   

                