HDU 2577  How to Type  （DP）

How to Type

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)     Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)

Total Submission(s): 762     Accepted Submission(s): 328

Problem Description

Pirates have finished developing the typing software. He called Cathy to test his typing software. She is good at thinking. After testing for several days, she finds that if she types a string by some ways, she will type the key at least. But she has a bad habit that if the caps lock is on, she must turn off it, after she finishes typing. Now she wants to know the smallest times of typing the key to finish typing a string.

 

Input

The first line is an integer t (t<=100), which is the number of test case in the input file. For each test case, there is only one string which consists of lowercase letter and upper case letter. The length of the string is at most 100.

 

Output

For each test case, you must output the smallest times of typing the key to finish typing this string.

 

Sample Input

3

Pirates

HDUacm

HDUACM

 

Sample Output

8

8

8

Hint

The string “Pirates”, can type this way, Shift, p, i, r, a, t, e, s, the answer is 8.

The string “HDUacm”, can type this way, Caps lock, h, d, u, Caps lock, a, c, m, the answer is 8

The string "HDUACM", can type this way Caps lock h, d, u, a, c, m, Caps lock, the answer is 8

 

 

Author

Dellenge

本来以为是跟上次校赛的题一眼的，但是看了别人的结题报告后才发现远非那么简单，还有点儿难（难怪AC的那么少 ） 杭电2577

本来以为直接暴力就可以的，没想到，原来CapsLock亮的时候按shift是可以打小写字母。。。没这么打字过。。。所以，此题明显dp。不过，我一开始想错了，只开了一个数组dp，后来看了一下别人的解题报告，原来是要开两个数组表示CapsLock键的开关两个状态下的最小按键数。

on[i] 表示按第 i 个字母时CapsLock键亮着
off[i] 表示按第 i 个字母时CapsLock键暗着

若s[i]为大写字母：on[i] = min(on[i-1] + 1, off[i-1] + 2)        //若灯亮，则直接按字母；若灯灭，则按字母再开灯
                           off[i] = min(on[i-1] + 2, off[i-1] + 2)      //若灯亮，则要先按字母再关灯；若灯灭，则按shift+字母
若s[i]为小写字母：on[i] = min(on[i-1] + 2, off[i-1] + 2)      
                           off[i] = min(on[i-1] + 2, off[i-1] + 1)

注意初始化：初始状态时，CapsLock键是暗的。
      s[0]为大写字母：on[0] = 2, off[0] = 2;
      s[0]为小写字母：on[0] = 2, off[0] = 1;

代码：