使用Xpath和Requests实现爬虫并存储在Excel表里

爬的是杭州近期的的新房价

# encoding: utf-8
"""
@author: Ruvik
@software: PyCharm
@file: Spider_House.py
@time: 2020/7/9 20:12
"""

# 爬一下链家网上杭州新房的价格
import requests                 # 进行网络请求
import xlwt                     # 与excel相关的操作
from lxml import etree          # 引入xpath库，方便定位元素
import time                     # 进行访问频率控制
import random                   # 随机数生成
import re                       # 正则表达式

# 主程序
def main():

    base_url = "https://hz.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/pg"     # 最基本的网址，后续会根据这个进行翻页操作
    Savepath = ".\\杭州新房价.xls"                           # 存储路径
    datalist = getdata(base_url)
    savedata(datalist, Savepath)

# 获取html源码
def ask_url(url):
    html=""
    headers={          # 进行伪装，防止416错误，模拟浏览器头部信息，向豆瓣服务器发送消息
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36"
    }
    try:
        response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,timeout=10)  # 用户代理，表示告诉豆瓣服务器，我们是什么类型的机器、浏览器（本质上是告诉浏览器，我们可以接收什么水平的文件内容）
        time.sleep(random.randint(3, 6))                        # 每隔3-6s执行一次请求
        # print(response.status_code)
        html = response.content                                     # 获取网页的html源代码
        # print(html)
        print("请求访问成功")
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print("超时")
        print(e)
    return html

# 从html源码中获取信息
def getdata(baseurl):
    Datalist = []                                 # 用来存储已经经过处理的信息
    for i in range(1, 100):                     # 在1-100页内爬取房价的信息
        url = baseurl+str(i)                    # 拼接url网址，进行换页
        # print(url)
        data = ask_url(url)                     # 获取到源代码
        # 从源代码中提取信息
        if data != "":
            html_data = etree.HTML(data)
            div_list = html_data.xpath('//div[@class="resblock-desc-wrapper"]')
            # print(len(div_list))
            for item in div_list:
                data_item = []
                # 提取详情链接
                link = "https://hz.fang.lianjia.com"
                link += item.xpath('./div/a/@href')[0]
                data_item.append(link)
                # print(link)

                # 提取名字
                name = item.xpath("./div/a/text()")[0]
                data_item.append(name)
                # print(name)

                # 提取地址
                loc = item.xpath('./div[@class="resblock-location"]/span/text()')
                location = loc[0] +"|"+ loc[1] +"|"+ item.xpath('./div[@class="resblock-location"]/a/text()')[0]
                data_item.append(location)
                # print(location)

                # 提取户型
                room = item.xpath('./a[@class="resblock-room"]/span/text()')
                rooms = ""
                for k in range(len(room)):
                    if k < len(room) - 1:
                        rooms += str(room[k]) + "|"
                    else:
                        rooms += str(room[k])
                # print(rooms)
                data_item.append(rooms)

                # 提取大小
                size = item.xpath('./div[@class="resblock-area"]/span/text()')
                if len(size) != 0:
                    data_item.append(size[0])
                    # print(size[0])
                else:
                    data_item.append(" ")

                # 提取标签
                tag = item.xpath('./div[@class="resblock-tag"]/span/text()')
                tags = ""
                for k in range(len(tag)):
                    if k < len(tag)-1:
                        tags += str(tag[k]) + "|"
                    else:
                        tags += str(tag[k])
                # print(tags)
                data_item.append(tags)

                # 提取价格
                Price = ""
                price = item.xpath('./div[@class="resblock-price"]/div/span/text()')
                for k in range(len(price)):
                    Price += price[k]
                Price = re.sub('\xa0', "", Price)     # 去掉“\xa0”字符
                # print(Price)
                data_item.append(Price)
                Datalist.append(data_item)

    print(len(Datalist))
    return Datalist

# 将html获取的信息存入Excel表格中

def savedata(Datalist,Savapath):
    col = ("链接", "名字", "地址", "户型", "大小", "标签", "价格")                # Excel的表头
    house_list = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8", style_compression=0)       # 创建workbook对象
    worksheet = house_list.add_sheet("HouseList", cell_overwrite_ok=True)   # 新建工作区，设为可覆盖
    for i in range(0, 7):                                                   # 写入表头
        worksheet.write(0, i, col[i])
    for i in range(0, 990):                                                 # 写入数据
        print("正在写入第%d条数据" % (i + 1))
        item = Datalist[i]
        for j in range(0, 7):
            worksheet.write(i + 1, j, item[j])
    house_list.save(Savapath)                                               # 存储

# 程序从这里开始执行
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

    print("爬取完毕!")