Nodejs更新

每次从官网上下载新的Node版本，再覆盖原先的版本比较麻烦，有时很容易出错，浪费较多的时间。可以使用node的版本管理工具 n 来进行升级。
注：OS环境为CENTOS7，其他环境没有测试。
安装 n

npm install -g n

/path/node/bin/n -> /path/node/lib/node_modules/n/bin/n
+ n@6.1.3
added 1 package from 4 contributors in 1.024s

查看 n 帮助

n  --help

Usage: n [options] [COMMAND] [args]

Commands:

  n                              Display downloaded node versions and install selection
  n latest                       Install the latest node release (downloading if necessary)
  n lts                          Install the latest LTS node release (downloading if necessary)
  n <version>                    Install node <version> (downloading if necessary)
  n run <version> [args ...]     Execute downloaded node <version> with [args ...]
  n which <version>              Output path for downloaded node <version>
  n exec <vers> <cmd> [args...]  Execute command with modified PATH, so downloaded node <version> and npm first
  n rm <version ...>             Remove the given downloaded version(s)
  n prune                        Remove all downloaded versions except the installed version
  n --latest                     Output the latest node version available
  n --lts                        Output the latest LTS node version available
  n ls                           Output downloaded versions
  n ls-remote [version]          Output matching versions available for download
  n uninstall                    Remove the installed node and npm

Options:

  -V, --version   Output version of n
  -h, --help      Display help information
  -q, --quiet     Disable curl output (if available)
  -d, --download  Download only
  -a, --arch      Override system architecture
  --all           ls-remote displays all matches instead of last 20
  --insecure      Turn off certificate checking for https requests (may be needed from behind a proxy server)

Aliases:

  which: bin
  run: use, as
  ls: list
  lsr: ls-remote
  rm: -
  lts: stable
  latest: current

Versions:

  Numeric version numbers can be complete or incomplete, with an optional leading 'v'.
  Versions can also be specified by label, or codename,
  and other downloadable releases by <remote-folder>/<version>

    4.9.1, 8, v6.1    Numeric versions
    lts               Newest Long Term Support official release
    latest, current   Newest official release
    boron, carbon     Codenames for release streams
    and nightly, chakracore-release/latest, rc/10 et al

n latest  安装最新版本
n lts  安装最新的LTS版本
n rm **.**.** 删除某个版本，不会删除安装文件
n uninstall 卸载并删除安装的文件

[root@localhost node]# n uninstall
Do you wish to delete node and npm from /usr/local? y

Uninstalling node and npm
/usr/local/bin/node
/usr/local/bin/npm
/usr/local/bin/npx
/usr/local/include/node
/usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm
/usr/local/share/doc/node
/usr/local/share/man/man1/node.1
/usr/local/share/systemtap/tapset/node.stp

直接运行 n lts会把node安装在/usr/local/目录下，可以通过设置 N_PREFIX 这个环境变量来修改安装node的位置。node会安装在该目录下。

[soft@localhost node]$ n lts 

  installing : node-v12.14.0
       mkdir : /usr/local/n/versions/node/12.14.0
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/usr/local/n’: Permission denied

  Error: sudo required (or change ownership, or define N_PREFIX)

[soft@localhost application]$ export N_PREFIX=/soft/application/node
[soft@localhost application]$ echo $N_PREFIX
/soft/application/node
[soft@localhost application]$ n lts

  installing : node-v12.14.0
       mkdir : /soft/application/node/n/versions/node/12.14.0
       fetch : https://nodejs.org/dist/v12.14.0/node-v12.14.0-linux-x64.tar.gz
   installed : v12.14.0 (with npm 6.13.4)
[soft@localhost application]$ node --version
v12.14.0

这样就可以对Node进行更新。

npm的更新也可以参考这个方法：https://www.jianshu.com/p/ac6dba293ac5
项目地址为：https://github.com/felixrieseberg/npm-windows-upgrade