centos7安装python3不影响python2

一. 前言

• Centos7中很多软件命令依赖于系统自带的python2,比如yum,卸载python2会造成yum不可用,所以没必要卸载python2

• 如果要使用python3,可以通过软链接的方式安装python3

• 输入python -V 或python --version,查看系统自带的python的版本

[root@test ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@test ~]# python --version
Python 2.7.5

• 查看python安装位置,一般是位于/usr/bin/python目录下

[root@test ~]# which python
/usr/bin/python
[root@test ~]# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3.6m /usr/bin/python3.6-config /usr/bin/python3.6m-aarch64-config /usr/bin/python3.6m-config /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib/python3.6 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python3.6 /etc/python /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/include/python3.6m /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz

• 可以使用python的virtualenv(虚拟环境)来配置各个不同的python环境

二. 安装python3

• 需要先安装依赖包

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

• 根据需求下载对应的版本

[root@test ~]#  wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.6/Python-3.6.6.tar.xz

• 创建目录,编译安装

[root@test ~] mkdir /usr/local/python3
[root@test ~] mv Python-3.6.6.tar.xz /usr/local/python3
[root@test ~] cd /usr/local/python3
[root@test python3] tar -xvJf Python-3.6.6.tar.xz
[root@test python3] cd Python-3.6.6
[root@test Python-3.6.6] ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3  && make&&make install

• 创建软链接

[root@test Python-3.6.6] ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@test Python-3.6.6] ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
注意: 这步有可能会报错,报错的话就看一下软连接是不是已经好了
ll /usr/bin/ | grep python3
ll /usr/bin/ | grep pip3

• 验证是否安装成功

[root@test Python-3.6.6]# python3 -V
Python 3.6.2
[root@test Python-3.6.6]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@test Python-3.6.6]# pip
pip3     pip-3    pip-3.6  pip3.6