Linux初始设置 --以Ubuntu 24.04为例

Ubuntu 24.04初始化配置指南

原创已于 2025-10-30 09:59:26 修改 · 516 阅读

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文章标签：

#linux #ubuntu #运维 #ssh #vim

于 2025-10-29 21:20:19 首次发布

Linux系统初始配置

使用系统版本

Ubuntu 24.04

说明：本文末尾提供了配置脚本的下载地址，可直接使用

Rocky 9.4版本
Rocky 9.4初始设置

详细配置步骤

1. 更换 Ubuntu 软件源为阿里云镜像

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << eof

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
eof

2. 关闭防火墙

systemctl disable --now ufw

3. 配置 SSH 远程连接

echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config #修改ssh可以远程连接
echo "PasswordAuthentication yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config # 开启密码验证

4. 安装 VM-tools

apt install -y open-vm-tools open-vm-tools-desktop

5. 安装命令补全工具

apt install bash-completion -y

6. 自定义命令提示符样式

echo "PS1='\[\e[1;33m\][\u@\h \w] \$\[\e[0m\]'" >> /root/.bashrc

7. 安装帮助手册

apt install -y man-pages

8. 配置中文环境

apt install -y language-pack-zh-hans manpages-zh

cat > /etc/locale.conf << eof
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
eof

9. 配置 Vim 编辑器

cat >> /root/.vimrc << eof
colorscheme murphy
runtime! ftplugin/man.vim
if exists('*minpac#init')
" Minpac is loaded.
call minpac#init()
call minpac#add('k-takata/minpac', {'type': 'opt'})
" Other plugins
call minpac#add('tpope/vim-eunuch')
call minpac#add('yegappan/mru')
call minpac#add('bujnlc8/vim-translator')
endif
if has('eval')
" Minpac commands
command! PackUpdate packadd minpac | source $MYVIMRC | call minpac#update('', {'do': 'call minpac#status()'})
command! PackClean packadd minpac | source $MYVIMRC | call minpac#clean()
command! PackStatus packadd minpac | source $MYVIMRC | call minpac#status()
endif
if !has('gui_running')
if has('wildmenu')
set wildmenu
set cpoptions-=<
set wildcharm=<C-Z>
nnoremap <F10> :emenu <C-Z>
inoremap <F10> <C-O>:emenu <C-Z>
endif
endif
let g:translator_cache=1
let g:translator_cache_path='~/.cache'
let g:translator_channel='baidu'
let g:translator_target_lang = 'zh'
let g:translator_source_lang = 'auto'
let g:translator_outputype='popup'
noremap <leader>tc :<C-u>Tc<CR>
vnoremap <leader>tv :<C-u>Tv<CR>
autocmd FileType man setlocal readonly

set expandtab " Tab 转换为空格
set tabstop=2 " 显示 Tab 为 2 空格
set shiftwidth=2 " 缩进用 2 空格
set smarttab " 行首按 Tab 时用 shiftwidth 缩进，其他位置按 tabstop
eof