linux手工创建Oracle实例操作说明

第一步 设置环境变量，可加在.bash_profile文件中

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

第二步 创建需要的目录：

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/ORCL
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/bdump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/cdump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/udump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile

第三步 创建需要的目录：在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下创建ORACLE的参数文件initSID.ora，可先拷贝数据库自带的init.ora文件，在修改：

cp init.ora initORCL.ora

用vi命令编辑initORCL.ora文件，修改如下：

# Change '<ORACLE_BASE>' to point to the oracle base (the one you specify at
# install time)
db_name='ORCL'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2)
compatible ='11.2.0'

第四步 创建密码文件：

orapwd file=orapwdORCL password=oracle entries=5

第五步 创建oracle的建库角本create.sql，内容如下：

spool orcl_dbcreate.log;
create database "ORCL"
maxdatafiles 500
maxinstances 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 4000
maxlogfiles 32
character set "UTF8"
national character set AL16UTF16
datafile
'/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf' size 500M
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 100M
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1"
DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/temp01.dbf' SIZE 300M
DEFAULT TABLESPACE uses DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/user01.dbf' SIZE 20m
logfile
GROUP 1 (
'/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01a.log',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01b.log'
) SIZE 100M,

GROUP 2 (
'/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02a.log',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02b.log'
) SIZE 100M,

GROUP 3 (
'/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03a.log',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03b.log'
) SIZE 100M
;

spool off

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>startup nomount
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/create.sql;
Database created.

第六步 数据库创建完成后，再创建ORACLE的数据字典。

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catexp.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/scott.sql

第七步 创建表空间

create tablespace LGGY_DAT datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/LGGY_DAT01.dbf' size 1g autoextend on next 200m maxsize unlimited;
create tablespace USERS
datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCL/USERS_DAT01.dbf' size 1g autoextend on next 200m maxsize unlimited;

第八步 创建用户

create user lggy identified by lggy default tablespace LGGY_DAT temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,dba to lggy;
grant execute any procedure to lggy;
grant insert any table to lggy;
grant select any table to lggy;
grant delete any table to lggy;
grant update any table to lggy;
grant unlimited tablespace to lggy;
drop user lggy cascade;

第九步 配置监听

到$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下：vi listener.ora

addb =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522))
      )
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 114.55.30.70)(PORT = 1522))
      )
    )
  )
SID_LIST_addb =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = addb)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /data/install/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = addb)
    )
  )

第十步 启停

启停监听

lsnrctl start addb
lsnrctl stop addb

启停实例

  export ORACLE_SID=addb
  sqlplus / as sysdba
  >startup
  >shutdown

备注：第一种错误解决方式：start  nomount 失败，创建文件flash_recovery_area或者在该目录下面找一个类似的文件，复制一份并改一下名字，改成指定的这个名字。

第二种错误解决方式：@$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/create.sql;执行失败，执行如下语句：SET SQLBLANKLINES ON，原因：
原来Sql*plus中, 不允许sql语句中间有空行, 这在从其它地方拷贝脚本到sql*plus中执行时很麻烦.
原因是sqlplus遇到空行就认为是语句结束了.
其实要改变这种现象, 只要使用SQLBLANKLINES参数就可以了