命名管道的基本用法

本文使用命名管道的技术，实现回显功能的服务-客户端程序，即客户端发送数据给服务端，服务端原样返回。此处实现的服务端同时只能服务一个客户端，若要服务多个，服务端需要用CreateNamedPipe创建多个命名管道才可以。因为命名管道基于Windows的UNC以及重定向器的技术，使用命名管道写的程序自然就携带了Windows的权限管理功能。

一、回显服务端（阻塞方式）

1. 创建命名管道
   使用CreateNamedPipe创建命名管道，PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX表示双向管道，可读可写，PIPE_TYPE_BYTE表示以字节流方式工作，其他选项参看CreateNamedPipe

   HANDLE hNamedPipe = CreateNamedPipe(_T("\\\\.\\pipe\\MyNamedPipe"),
   		PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX, 
   		PIPE_TYPE_BYTE, 
   		PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, 
   		BUFFER_SIZE, 
   		BUFFER_SIZE, 0, NULL);
   

2. 监听连接
   使用ConnectNamedPipe进行连接的监听，当有客户端连接的时候，此函数就会返回，然后就可以对管道句柄进行读写了

   ::ConnectNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, NULL)
   

3. 接收数据
   使用ReadFile等待客户端发来的的数据

   ::ReadFile(hNamedPipe, szBuffer, _countof(szBuffer), &dwReadBytes, NULL)
   

4. 发送数据
   使用WriteFile向客户端发送数据

   ::WriteFile(hNamedPipe, szBuffer, dwReadBytes, &dwWriteBytes, NULL)
   

5. 断开连接
   使用DisconnectNamedPipe断开管道的连接

   ::DisconnectNamedPipe(hNamedPipe);
   

二、客户端（阻塞方式）

1. 使用WaitNamedPipe等待或查询有没有指定的管道可连接

   ::WaitNamedPipe(_T("\\\\localhost\\pipe\\MyNamedPipe"), NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER)
   

2. 使用CreateFile正式建立管道的连接，测试了省略第1步，直接CreateFile也是可以成功的，通常要用第1步，否则服务端还没启动好时，CreateFile就会失败，只能不断轮询尝试连接了。

   HANDLE hNamedPipe = ::CreateFile(_T("\\\\localhost\\pipe\\MyNamedPipe"),
   		GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0,
   		NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
   

3. 使用WriteFile向服务端发送数据

   if (!::WriteFile(hNamedPipe, strTemp.c_str(), strTemp.size(), &dwWriteBytes, NULL))
   {
   	std::cerr << "WriteFile failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   	break;
   }
   

4. 使用ReadFile接收数据

   if (!::ReadFile(hNamedPipe, szBuffer, _countof(szBuffer) - 1, &dwReadBytes, NULL))
   {
   	std::cerr << "ReadFile failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   	break;
   }
   

5. 关闭管道句柄

   ::CloseHandle(hNamedPipe)
   

三、完整代码

1. 服务端

   #include <windows.h>
   #include <iostream>
   #include <tchar.h>
   
   #define BUFFER_SIZE 256
   
   int main(int argc, char** argv)
   {
   	HANDLE hNamedPipe = CreateNamedPipe(_T("\\\\.\\pipe\\MyNamedPipe"),
   		PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX, PIPE_TYPE_BYTE, PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES, BUFFER_SIZE, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, NULL);
   	if (hNamedPipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   	{
   		std::cerr << "create named pipe failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   		return -1;
   	}
   
   	bool bExit = false;
   	do 
   	{
   		std::cout << "wait connect ..." << std::endl;
   		if (!::ConnectNamedPipe(hNamedPipe, NULL))
   		{
   			std::cerr << "ConnectNamedPipe failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   			break;
   		}
   
   		std::cout << "client connected" << std::endl;
   
   		do
   		{
   			CHAR szBuffer[256] = { 0 };
   			DWORD dwReadBytes = 0;
   			if (!::ReadFile(hNamedPipe, szBuffer, _countof(szBuffer), &dwReadBytes, NULL))
   			{
   				std::cerr << "ReadFile failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   				break;
   			}
   			std::cout << "ReadFile: " << szBuffer << std::endl;
   
   			if (strcmp(szBuffer, "exit") == 0)
   			{
   				bExit = true;
   				break;
   			}
   
   			DWORD dwWriteBytes = 0;
   			if (!::WriteFile(hNamedPipe, szBuffer, dwReadBytes, &dwWriteBytes, NULL))
   			{
   				std::cerr << "WriteFile failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   				break;
   			}
   		} while (true);
   
   		//必须调用
   		//A named pipe server process can use ConnectNamedPipe with a newly created pipe instance. 
   		//It can also be used with an instance that was previously connected to another client process; 
   		//in this case, the server process must first call the DisconnectNamedPipe function to disconnect 
   		//the handle from the previous client before the handle can be reconnected to a new client. 
   		//Otherwise, ConnectNamedPipe returns FALSE, and GetLastError returns ERROR_NO_DATA if 
   		//the previous client has closed its handle or ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED if it has not closed its handle.
   		::DisconnectNamedPipe(hNamedPipe);
   
   	} while (!bExit);	
   	::CloseHandle(hNamedPipe);
   	return 0;
   }
   

2. 客户端

   #include <windows.h>
   #include <iostream>
   #include <tchar.h>
   #include <string>
   
   int main(int argc, char** argv)
   {
   	if (!::WaitNamedPipe(_T("\\\\localhost\\pipe\\MyNamedPipe"), NMPWAIT_WAIT_FOREVER))
   	{
   		std::cerr << "WaitNamedPipe failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   		return -1;
   	}
   
   	HANDLE hNamedPipe = ::CreateFile(_T("\\\\localhost\\pipe\\MyNamedPipe"),
   		GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0,
   		NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
   	if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hNamedPipe)
   	{
   		std::cerr << "CreateFile failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   		return -1;
   	}
   
   	std::string strTemp;
   	while (getline(std::cin, strTemp))
   	{
   		DWORD dwWriteBytes = 0;
   		if (!::WriteFile(hNamedPipe, strTemp.c_str(), strTemp.size(), &dwWriteBytes, NULL))
   		{
   			std::cerr << "WriteFile failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   			break;
   		}
   
   		CHAR szBuffer[256] = { 0 };
   		DWORD dwReadBytes = 0;
   		if (!::ReadFile(hNamedPipe, szBuffer, _countof(szBuffer) - 1, &dwReadBytes, NULL))
   		{
   			std::cerr << "ReadFile failed with error " << ::GetLastError() << std::endl;
   			break;
   		}
   
   		std::cout << "ReadFile: " << szBuffer << std::endl;
   	}
   
   	::CloseHandle(hNamedPipe);
   
   	return 0;
   }
   

四、运行截图