简易CAD程序：Qt多文档程序的一种实现

注：文中所列代码质量不高，但不影响演示我的思路

实现思路说明

1. 实现DemoApplication
   相当于MFC中CWinAppEx的派生类，暂时没加什么功能。
   DemoApplication.h

   #pragma once
   
   #include <QtWidgets/QApplication>
   
   
   //相当于MFC中CWinAppEx的派生类，
   class DemoApplication : public QApplication
   {
   	Q_OBJECT
   
   public:
   	DemoApplication(int &argc, char **argv);
   	~DemoApplication();
   
   };
   

   DemoApplication.cpp

   #include "DemoApplication.h"
   
   
   DemoApplication::DemoApplication(int &argc, char **argv)
   	: QApplication(argc, argv)
   {
   }
   
   DemoApplication::~DemoApplication()
   {
   }
   
   

2. 实现DemoDocument
   相当与MFC的CDocument。DemoDocument保存了当前所有视图的指针（此处实际是DeomChildWindow*，因为DeomChildWindow与DeomView时1对1关系，根据DeomChildWindow可以获得DemoView指针，简化设计，就这样处理了），实现了增加视图addView、移除视图removeView、获取视图数量getViewCount等函数。
   DemoDocument.h

   #pragma once
   
   #include <QObject>
   #include <list>
   
   class DemoChildWindow;
   
   //相当与MFC的CDocument
   class DemoDocument : public QObject
   {
   	Q_OBJECT
   
   public:
   	DemoDocument(QObject *parent = 0);
   	~DemoDocument();
   
   	void addView(DemoChildWindow* pChildWindow);
   	void removeView(DemoChildWindow* pChildWindow);
   	int getViewCount() const;
   
   	unsigned int getId() { return m_nId; }
   
   signals:
   	void closedDocument(DemoDocument* pDocument);
   
   private:
   	static unsigned int allocId();
   
   private:
   	static unsigned int s_NextId;
   	unsigned int m_nId = 0;
   
   	std::list<DemoChildWindow*> m_viewList; //视图列表
   };
   
   

   DemoDocument.cpp

   #include "DemoDocument.h"
   
   
   unsigned int DemoDocument::s_NextId = 0;
   
   DemoDocument::DemoDocument(QObject *parent)
   	: QObject(parent)
   {
   	m_nId = allocId();
   }
   
   DemoDocument::~DemoDocument()
   {
   }
   
   unsigned int DemoDocument::allocId()
   {
   	if (DemoDocument::s_NextId == std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max())
   	{
   		DemoDocument::s_NextId = 0;
   	}
   
   	return ++DemoDocument::s_NextId;
   }
   
   
   void DemoDocument::addView(DemoChildWindow* pChildWindow)
   {
   	m_viewList.push_back(pChildWindow);
   }
   
   void DemoDocument::removeView(DemoChildWindow* pChildWindow)
   {
   	auto it = std::find(m_viewList.begin(), m_viewList.end(), pChildWindow);
   	if (it != m_viewList.end() )
   	{
   		m_viewList.erase(it);
   	}
   
   	if (m_viewList.size() == 0)
   	{
   		emit closedDocument(this);
   	}
   }
   
   int DemoDocument::getViewCount() const
   {
   	return int(m_viewList.size());
   }
   
   

3. 实现DemoMainWindow
   相当于MFC中的CMainFrame，派生自CMDIFrameWndEx。此类new了一个QMdiArea对象，通过此对象实现多文档程序的通用功能，如切换窗口、层叠窗口、平铺窗口等。类DemoMainWindow直接管理了所有打开的文档，这点同MFC不一样，MFC是通过文档管理器、文档模版处理的，此处简化下，直接在DemoMainWindow中管理。此处我让DemoMainWindow负责新建、打开、关闭文档。
   DemoMainWindow.h

   #pragma once
   
   #include <QtWidgets/QMainWindow>
   #include <QMdiArea>
   #include <list>
   #include <memory>
   
   
   class DemoDocument;
   
   //相当于MFC中的CMainFrame，派生自CMDIFrameWndEx
   class DemoMainWindow : public QMainWindow
   {
   	Q_OBJECT
   
   public:
   	DemoMainWindow(QWidget *parent = Q_NULLPTR);
   	virtual ~DemoMainWindow();
   
   	DemoDocument* getActiveDocument() const;
   
   protected slots:
   	void onSlotNewDocument();
   	void onSlotClosedDocument(DemoDocument* pDocument );
   	void onSlotNewWindow();
   
   private:
   	//创建文档的一个视图（DemoChildWindow-DeomView）
   	void createNewWindow(DemoDocument* pDocument );
   
   private:
   	QMdiArea* m_pMDIArea = nullptr;
   	std::list<DemoDocument*> m_DocList; //文档列表
   };
   
   

   DemoMainWindow.cpp

   #include "DemoMainWindow.h"
   #include "DemoDocument.h"
   #include "DemoChildWindow.h"
   
   #include <QMdiSubWindow>
   #include <QMenuBar>
   
   
   DemoMainWindow::DemoMainWindow(QWidget *parent)
   	: QMainWindow(parent)
   {
   	m_pMDIArea = new QMdiArea();
   	this->setCentralWidget(m_pMDIArea);
   
   	//void subWindowActivated(QMdiSubWindow * window)
   
   	//菜单
   	QMenu* pFileMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(QStringLiteral("文件"));
   	QAction* pNewDocAction = new QAction(QStringLiteral("新建"), this);
   	connect(pNewDocAction, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onSlotNewDocument()));
   	pFileMenu->addAction(pNewDocAction);
   	
   	//窗口（实际需要动态添加到菜单栏中，即有视图窗口打开，就加入，否则就移除，此处暂未实现）
   	QMenu* pWinMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(QStringLiteral("窗口"));
   	QAction* pNewWinAction = new QAction(QStringLiteral("新建"), this);
   	connect(pNewWinAction, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(onSlotNewWindow()));
   	pWinMenu->addAction(pNewWinAction);
   
   }
   
   DemoMainWindow::~DemoMainWindow()
   {
   	for (auto pDoc : m_DocList)
   	{
   		delete pDoc;
   	}
   	m_DocList.clear();
   }
   
   void DemoMainWindow::onSlotNewDocument()
   {
   	auto pNewDoc = new DemoDocument();
   	m_DocList.push_back(pNewDoc);
   	createNewWindow(pNewDoc);
   
   	connect(pNewDoc, SIGNAL(closedDocument(DemoDocument*)), 
   		this, SLOT(onSlotClosedDocument(DemoDocument*)));
   }
   
   void DemoMainWindow::onSlotClosedDocument(DemoDocument* pDocument)
   {
   	auto it = std::find(m_DocList.begin(), m_DocList.end(), pDocument);
   	if (it != m_DocList.end())
   	{
   		auto pDoc = *it;
   		delete pDoc;
   		m_DocList.erase(it);
   	}
   }
   
   void DemoMainWindow::onSlotNewWindow()
   {
   	auto pDocument = getActiveDocument();
   	createNewWindow(pDocument);
   }
   
   //创建文档的一个视图（DemoChildWindow-DeomView）
   void DemoMainWindow::createNewWindow(DemoDocument* pDocument)
   {
   	if (!pDocument)
   	{
   		Q_ASSERT(false);
   		return;
   	}
   
   	auto pChildWnd = new DemoChildWindow(pDocument);
   
   	//自己new QMdiSubWindow时，必须设置Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose，参看文档
   	//When you create your own subwindow, you must set the Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose widget 
   	//attribute if you want the window to be deleted when closed in the MDI area. 
   	//If not, the window will be hidden and the MDI area will not activate the next subwindow.
   	//添加方式如下：
   //	QMdiSubWindow *pMdiSubWindow = new QMdiSubWindow;
   //	pMdiSubWindow->setWidget(pChildWnd);
   //	pMdiSubWindow->setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose);
   //	m_pMDIArea->addSubWindow(pMdiSubWindow);
   //	pMdiSubWindow->show();
   
   	//这中方法更简单
   	auto pMdiSubWindow = m_pMDIArea->addSubWindow(pChildWnd);
   	pMdiSubWindow->setWindowTitle(QStringLiteral("文档%1:%2").arg(pDocument->getId()).arg(
   		pDocument->getViewCount()));
   	pMdiSubWindow->show();
   }
   
   DemoDocument* DemoMainWindow::getActiveDocument() const
   {
   	auto pCurMdiSubWindow = m_pMDIArea->currentSubWindow();
   	if (!pCurMdiSubWindow)
   	{
   		return nullptr;
   	}
   
   	auto pChildWnd = dynamic_cast<DemoChildWindow*>(pCurMdiSubWindow->widget());
   	if (!pChildWnd)
   	{
   		Q_ASSERT(false);
   		return nullptr;
   	}
   
   	return pChildWnd->GetDocument();
   }
   
   
   
   

4. 实现DemoChildWindow
   相当于MFC中的ChildFrm，派生自CMDIChildWndEx， 与文档是n-1关系, 与DemoView时1-1关系。此类负责创建DemoView，并且包含了文档对象的指针。MFC中创建ChildFrm以及CView没那么直接，通过消息触发创建了CView，具体参看MFC即可，我此处就简化处理创建的过程。
   DemoChildWindow.h

   #pragma once
   
   #include <QWidget>
   
   class DemoDocument;
   class DemoView;
   
   //相当于MFC中的ChildFrm，派生自CMDIChildWndEx， 与文档是n-1关系, 与DemoView时1-1关系，
   class DemoChildWindow : public QWidget
   {
   	Q_OBJECT
   
   public:
   	DemoChildWindow(DemoDocument* pDoc, QWidget* parent = 0, Qt::WindowFlags f = 0);
   	~DemoChildWindow();
   
   	DemoDocument* GetDocument() const;
   
   protected:
   	virtual void closeEvent(QCloseEvent * event) override;
   
   private:
   	DemoDocument* m_pDoc;
   	DemoView* m_pView;
   };
   
   

   DemoChildWindow.cpp

   #include "DemoChildWindow.h"
   #include "DemoView.h"
   #include "DemoDocument.h"
   #include <QVBoxLayout>
   
   DemoChildWindow::DemoChildWindow(DemoDocument* pDoc, QWidget *parent, Qt::WindowFlags flags)
   	: QWidget(parent, flags)
   {
   	m_pDoc = pDoc;
   	m_pView = new DemoView();
   	m_pDoc->addView(this);
   
   	auto pVBoxLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
   	pVBoxLayout->addWidget(m_pView);
   	this->setLayout(pVBoxLayout);
   }
   
   DemoChildWindow::~DemoChildWindow()
   {
   }
   
   DemoDocument* DemoChildWindow::GetDocument() const
   {
   	return m_pDoc;
   }
   
   void DemoChildWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent * event)
   {
   	m_pDoc->removeView(this);
   	return QWidget::closeEvent(event);
   }
   

5. 实现DemoView
   相当与MFC中的CView，在DemoView中仅显示了硬编码的文本字符串。
   DemoView.h

   #pragma once
   
   #include <QWidget>
   
   //相当与MFC中的CView
   class DemoView : public QWidget
   {
   	Q_OBJECT
   
   public:
   	DemoView(QWidget *parent = Q_NULLPTR);
   	~DemoView();
   
   private:
   	//Ui::DemoView ui;
   };
   
   

   DemoView.cpp

   #include "DemoView.h"
   #include <QVBoxLayout>
   #include <QLabel>
   
   DemoView::DemoView(QWidget *parent)
   	: QWidget(parent)
   {
   	auto pVBoxLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
   	pVBoxLayout->addWidget(new QLabel(QStringLiteral("视图测试")));
   	this->setLayout(pVBoxLayout);
   	this->setMinimumSize(300, 200);
   }
   
   DemoView::~DemoView()
   {
   }
   
   

6. main函数

   #include "DemoApplication.h"
   #include "DemoMainWindow.h"
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
   	DemoApplication a(argc, argv);
   	DemoMainWindow w;
   	w.show();
   	return a.exec();
   }
   
   

运行演示