第一个倚赖注入实例

使用工具 idea+maven 3.6+jdk1.8
注入将基于Xml进行实现

step.1

添加倚赖：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

step.2

创建服务类：

1. 创建接口MessageService

package com.zt.spring.test002.service;

public interface MessageService {
	String getMessage();
}

2. 创建接口实现类MessageServiceImpl

package com.zt.spring.test002.service;

public class MessageServiceImpl implements MessageService {
	
	private String username;
	private int age;
	
	public MessageServiceImpl(String username, int age) {
		this.username = username;
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public String getMessage() {
		return "Hello World! " + username + ", age is " + age;
	}

}

step.3

创建打印器：MessagePrinter

package com.zt.spring.test002;

import com.zt.spring.test002.service.MessageService;

public class MessagePrinter {

    final private MessageService service;

    public MessagePrinter(MessageService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    public void printMessage() {
        System.out.println(this.service.getMessage());
    }

}

• 其中在printMessage方法执行后，消息内容应该直接打印出来，而消息来源既是MessageService，这里将通过xml将该类的实现改为注入

step.4

创建应用主类：

package com.zt.spring.test002;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		@SuppressWarnings("resource")
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
		MessagePrinter printer = context.getBean(MessagePrinter.class);
		printer.printMessage();
	}
}

• 其中ClassPathXmlApplicationContext是上下文的一种实现，可基于xml进行配置
• 而按照约定spring.xml要放在应用的resources下；

step.5

创建配置文件：spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- 定义 bean -->
	<bean id="messageServiceImpl" class="com.zt.spring.test002.service.MessageServiceImpl">
		<constructor-arg name="username" value="s_zero" />
		<constructor-arg name="age" value="20" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="messagePrinter" class="com.zt.spring.test002.MessagePrinter">
		<constructor-arg name="service" ref="messageServiceImpl" />
	</bean>
</beans>

• 从bean的配置中分析倚赖关系：messageServiceImpl有两个参数name和age,它们的值将在实例化时就解析完毕
• 而messagePrinter引用了messageServiceImpl作为其构造函数的参数

运行主类输出：Hello World! s_zero, age is 20

实例结构如下：