算法习题之Manacher算法
Manacher算法核心
1)理解回文半径数组
2)理解所有中心的回文最右边界R,和取得R时的中心点C
3)理解 L…(i`)…C…(i)…R 的结构,以及根据i’回文长度进行的状况划分
4)每一种情况划分,都可以加速求解i回文半径的过程
习题1 假设字符串str长度为N,想返回最长回文子串的长度 时间复杂度O(N)
public static int manacher(String s) {
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
// "12132" -> "#1#2#1#3#2#"
char[] str = manacherString(s);
// 回文半径的大小
int[] pArr = new int[str.length];
int C = -1;
// 讲述中:R代表最右的扩成功的位置
// coding:最右的扩成功位置的,再下一个位置
int R = -1;
int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { // 0 1 2
// R第一个违规的位置,i>= R
// i位置扩出来的答案,i位置扩的区域,至少是多大。
pArr[i] = R > i ? Math.min(pArr[2 * C - i], R - i) : 1;
while (i + pArr[i] < str.length && i - pArr[i] > -1) {
if (str[i + pArr[i]] == str[i - pArr[i]])
pArr[i]++;
else {
break;
}
}
if (i + pArr[i] > R) {
R = i + pArr[i];
C = i;
}
max = Math.max(max, pArr[i]);
}
return max - 1;
}
public static char[] manacherString(String str) {
char[] charArr = str.toCharArray();
char[] res = new char[str.length() * 2 + 1];
int index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i != res.length; i++) {
res[i] = (i & 1) == 0 ? '#' : charArr[index++];
}
return res;
}
// for test
public static int right(String s) {
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
char[] str = manacherString(s);
int max = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
int L = i - 1;
int R = i + 1;
while (L >= 0 && R < str.length && str[L] == str[R]) {
L--;
R++;
}
max = Math.max(max, R - L - 1);
}
return max / 2;
}
// for test
public static String getRandomString(int possibilities, int size) {
char[] ans = new char[(int) (Math.random() * size) + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < ans.length; i++) {
ans[i] = (char) ((int) (Math.random() * possibilities) + 'a');
}
return String.valueOf(ans);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int possibilities = 5;
int strSize = 20;
int testTimes = 5000000;
System.out.println("test begin");
for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) {
String str = getRandomString(possibilities, strSize);
if (manacher(str) != right(str)) {
System.out.println("Oops!");
}
}
System.out.println("test finish");
}
习题2 给定两棵二叉树的头节点head1和head2 想知道head1中是否有某个子树的结构和head2完全一样
public static String shortestEnd(String s) {
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return null;
}
char[] str = manacherString(s);
int[] pArr = new int[str.length];
int C = -1;
int R = -1;
int maxContainsEnd = -1;
for (int i = 0; i != str.length; i++) {
pArr[i] = R > i ? Math.min(pArr[2 * C - i], R - i) : 1;
while (i + pArr[i] < str.length && i - pArr[i] > -1) {
if (str[i + pArr[i]] == str[i - pArr[i]])
pArr[i]++;
else {
break;
}
}
if (i + pArr[i] > R) {
R = i + pArr[i];
C = i;
}
if (R == str.length) {
maxContainsEnd = pArr[i];
break;
}
}
char[] res = new char[s.length() - maxContainsEnd + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
res[res.length - 1 - i] = str[i * 2 + 1];
}
return String.valueOf(res);
}
public static char[] manacherString(String str) {
char[] charArr = str.toCharArray();
char[] res = new char[str.length() * 2 + 1];
int index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i != res.length; i++) {
res[i] = (i & 1) == 0 ? '#' : charArr[index++];
}
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "abcd123321";
System.out.println(shortestEnd(str1));
}